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 SATAN

486

SAUL

Armenian under Vespasian. Trajan visited it in 115 and received the homage of the princes of the Caucai^us and the Euxine. It was he doubtless who estabUshed there the Legio XV ApolUnaris and began the construction of the great castra stativa (per- manent camp) which it was to occupy till the fifth centun,'. The town must have sprung up around this camp; in the time of Ptolemy it was already im- portant. In 530 the Persians were defeated under its walls. Justinian constructed more powerful for- tifications there, but these did not prevent Satala from being captured in 607-S by the Persians. It is now Sadagh, a village of 500 inhabitants, in the vilayet of Erzeroum. The remains of the camp still exist strewn with fragments of brick bearing the stamp of the legion; there are also the ruins of an aqueduct and of Justinian's citadel; some Latin and Greek inscriptions, the latter Christian, have been dis- covered. The Christians were numerous in the time of Diocletian. Le Quien, "Oriens Christianus", I, 431, mentions seven of its bishops: Evethius, at Nicaea, 325; Elfridius, 360; Poemenius, about 378; Anatolius, 451; Epiphanius, 458; Oregon,', 692; Philip, 879. The see is mentioned in the "Xotitiaj episcopatuum " until the thirteenth centuni-. and we know the name of the bishop, Cosmas, in 1256.

Smith, Did. of Greek and Roman Geog., a. v.; Muller, (ed. Didot), Notes a Ptolemy, I, SS4 : Chapot, La fronticre de I'Euphrate de Pompee a la conquite arabe (Paris, 1907), 351; Ccmoxt, Studia Pontica (Brussels, 1906), 343-51.

S. Petrides. Satan. See DE^^L. Satisfaction. See Penance. Satisfaction of Christ. See Redemption-.

Satolli, Francesco, theologian, cardinal, first Apos- tolic delegate to the United States, b. 21 July, 1839, at Marsciano near Perugia; d. 8 Jan., 1910, at Rome. He was educated at the .seminarj- of Perugia, ordained in 1862, and, after receiving the doctorate at the Sapienza, was appointed (1864) professor in the sem- inar>' of Perugia. In 1870 he became pastor at Mars- ciano and in 1872 went to Montecassino, where he re- mained two years. Called to Rome bj' Leo XIII in 1880, he was appointed professor of dogmatic the- ology- in the Propaganda and (1882) in the Roman Seminary, rector of the Greek College (1884), presi- dent of the Accademia dei Xobili Eccle.siastici (1886), and Archbi.shop of Lepanto (1888). As professor he had an important share in the neo-Scholastic move- ment inaugurated by Leo XIII. His lectures, al- ways fluent and often eloquent, aroused the enthu- siasm of his students for the study of St. Thomas, while his wTitings opened the way for an extended literature in Thomistic philosophy and theology.

Satolli came to the United States in 1889, was pres- ent at the centenary of the hierarchy celebrated in Baltimore, and deUvered an address at the inaugura- tion of the Cathohc University of America in No- vember. On his second visit, he attended (16 Nov., lS92j a meeting of the archbishops held in New York City, and formulated in fourteen propositions the solution of certain schcxjl problems which had been for some time under di.scu.sKion. He then took up his residence at the Catholic University of America, where he gave a course of lectures on the philo.sophy of St. Thomas. On 24 Jan., 1893, the Apostolic Del- egation in the Unitf^i States was established at Washington, and Satolli was appointed first delegate. He wa.s created cardinal-priest on 29 Nov., 1895, with the title of Sta. Maria in Ara Coeli. Returning to Rome in October, 1896, he wa.s appointed prefect of the Congregation of Studies and archpriest of the Lateran Basilica. He became Cardinal Bishop of Frascati 22 June, 1903. His last visit to the United States waa on the occasion of the St. Louis Exposi- tion, 1904.

Satolli's works include: "Enchiridion Philosophise" (Rome, 1SS4); Commentaries on the Summa Theol. of St. Thomas (5 vols., Rome, 1SS4-SS); "Prima principia juris pubhci eccles. de concordatis" (Rome, 1888); "Lovaltv to Church and State" (Baltimore, 1895).

America, 15 Jan., 1910; Catholic University Bulletin, Feb., 1910.

Edward A. Pace.

Satuminus, Saixt, was, says Tillemont, one of the most illustrious martyrs France has given to the Church. We pos.sess only his Acts, which are very old, since they were utilized by St. Gregory of Tours. He was the first Bishop of Toulouse, whit her he went during the consulate of Decius and Gratus (250). Whether there were already Christians in the town or his preaching made numerous conver- sions, he soon had a little church. To reach it he had to pass before the capitol where there was atemple. and according to the Acts, the pagan priests ascribed to his frequent passings the silence of their oracles. One day they seized him and on his unshakable refusal to sacrifice to the idols they condemned him to be tied by the feet to a bull which dragged him about the to^sTi until the rope broke. Two Chris- tian women piously gathered up the remains and buried them in a deep ditch, that they might not be profaned by the pagans. His successors, Sts. Hilary and Exuperius, gave him more honourable burial. A church was erected where the bull stopped. It still exists and is called the church of the Taur (the bull). The body of the saint was transferred at an early date and is still preserved in the Church of St. Sernin (or Satuminus), one of the most ancient and beautiful of Southern France. His feast was entered on the HieronATiiian Mart>Tology for 29 November; his cult spread abroad. The account of his Acts was embellished with several details, and legends linked his name with the beginning of the churches of Eauze, Auch, Pamplona, and Amiens, but these are without historic foundation.

RciNART, Acta Martyrum (Ratisbon. 18.59), 177-80; Gregorii Buronensis opera Hist. Francorum, ed. .\rndt and Krusch, I (Hanover, 1884), xxxix; Tillemont, Hist, ecclesiastique. III (Paris, 1701), 297; Laban, Vie de Saint Saturnin (Toulouse, 1864); Duchesne, Pastes ipiscopaux de I'ancienne Gaule (Paris, 1894), 25, 295.

Antoine Degert.

Sauatra, a titular see of Lycaonia, suffragan of Iconium. Nothing is kno\sTi of the histon*- of this town, but some of its coins have been preserved and it is mentioned by Strabo, XIV, 668; Ptolemy, V, 4, 12; Hierocles, 672, 2; and the Tabula Peutinge- riana. The name in this title is spelled as it occurs on the coins; Sabatra which is its equivalent in pronunciation is also found, also Soatra, in Strabo. The town was situated in an arid region on the road from Laodicea to Archelais, that is, near the village of Souverek, in the vilayet of Koniah: according to Ramsay "A.sia Minor", 343, at the niins four hours south-west of Eskil; according to Muller, "Notes to Ptolemy", ed. Didot, I, 858, near Djelil between Obrouklou, or Obrouk, and Sultan Khan. Le Quien, "Oriens Christianus", I, 1083, mentions two bishops of Sauatra: Aristophanes, present at the First (Efumenical Council of Constantinople, 381; and Eustathius, who was living at the time of the Council of Chalcedon, 451. The Greek "Notitise epi.scopatuum" mention the see till the thirteenth century.

.Smith, Diet, of Greek and Roman Geog., a. v.; Rambay, Axia Minor (London, 1890), 343, and passim.

S. P6tridI:8.

Saul, V'Xr, postulatus, referring probably to the petition mentioned in I Kings, viii, 5, the first King of Israel, the son of Cis of the tribe of Benjamin (ix, 1, 2). Waiving critical discussion of the parallel though often divergent sources underlying I Kings,