Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 13.djvu/538

 SARSFIELD

478

SARTO

1870, 8 sq.)- "VMien peace had been restored between Venice and the pope, Sarpi's political influence grew less, and during the remainder of his life he gave vent to his hatred of Rome by pubUshing bitter invectives against the pope and the Catholic Church. Despite his desire to subvert the CathoUc religion and make Venice a Protestant republic, he hypocritically per- formed the ordinary- offices of a Cathohc priest until his death. His best kno^\-n work is a histor>' of the Council of Trent, "Istoria del Concilio Tridentino" (London, 1619) pubUshed under the pseudonym of Pietro Soave Polano by the apostate Marcantonio de Dominis, with additions by the latter. Without these additions it was pubUshed at Geneva, 1629, and was translated into Latin and some modern languages. It is a bitter invective against the popes, and even Protestants, like Ranke, consider it devoid of all authority. For the refutation of this work by Pallavicino see Pallavicixo, Pietro Sforz.\. His works were pubUshed in six volumes (Helmstadt, 1761-5) and two supplementarj^ volumes (Verona, 1768). His letters are: "Lettere Italiane di Fra Sarpi" (Geneva, 1673); "Scelte lettere inedite de P. Sarpi", edited by Bianchi-Giovini (Capolago, 1S33); "Lettere raccolte di Sarpi", ecUted by PoUdori (Florence, 1863); "Lettere inedite di Sarpi a S. Contarini", edited by Castellani (Venice, 1892); important new letters (1608-16) edited by Benrath (Leipzig, 1909).

BiANCHi-GioviKi, Biografia di Fra Sarpi (Brussels, 1836); Campbell, Vita di Fra P. Sarpi (Turin, 1875); Cappaso, P. Sarpi e I'Jnterdetlo di Venezia (Florence, 1880); Balan, Fra P. Sarpi (Venice, 1887); Pascol.*.to, Fra P. Sarpi (Milan, 1893); Trollope, Paul the Pope and Paid the Friar (London, 1860); RoBERT.sON, Fra Paolo Sarpi (London, 1894), extremely anti- papal, compare Mcrphy in Irish Eccl. Review, XV (1894), 524- 40; Campbell, The Terrible Friar in The Messenger, fifth series, V (New York, 1904), 24.3-59; Rein, Paolo Sarpi und die Protes- tanten (Helsingfors, 1904) ; concerning the sources of his history of the Council of Trent see Ehses in Historisches Jahrbuch, XXVI (Munich, 1905), 299-313; XXVII (1906), 66-74.

Michael Ott.

Sarsfield, Patrick, b. at Lucan near Dublin, about 16.50; d. at Huy in Belgium, 1693. On his mother's side he was descended from the O'Mores, princes of Leix, his grandfather being Roger More, the ablest of the leaders who planned the rebellion of 1641; on his father's side from Anglo-Norman stock. One of his ancestors was mayor of Dublin in 1566 and was knighted by Sir Henr>' Sidney for valuable serNnces rendered to the Government against Shane O'Neill. Another Sarsfield, in the reign of Charles I, became a peer with the title of Lord Kilmallock. His father left him landed property bringing an income of £2000 a year. His elder brother was married to an illegitimate daughter of Charles II, sister of the Duke of Monmouth, and it was as an ensign in Monmouth's Regiment of Foot that Sarsfield first saw service in the army of Luxem- bfjurg; but at Sedgemoor, where he was wounded, Sarsfield was on the king's side. In 1688 he followed Jamc« II U) France, and landed with him at Kinsale in the following year. James recognized his bravery, but thought hirri incapable of high command. Never- theless in 1<>S9 he captured Sligo and secured all Cfjnnaught for the king. At the Boyne he was compelled to inax^'tivity, and when James fled to Dublin he t^K>k Sansfield with him. After James's departure for France, it was largely through Sarsfield that Limerick was defenfled so well, and it was he who dr-stroyed William's siege train, the most brilliant exploit of the whole war. James was so well pleased with him that he creaU;d him Earl of Lucan. In the campaign of 1691 he held a subordinate position und'T St. Ruth. The two often fJi.sagnKjd, and at Aughrim St. Ruth allowed Sarsfield no active; share in the battle, leaving him in command of the; cavalry reserve. When St. Ruth fell Sarsfield could not turn defeat into victory, but he saved the Irish from

utter destruction. In the second siege of Limerick he was again prominent, but finding prolonged re- sistance impossible assented to the Treaty of Lime- rick, which ended the war. He then joined the army of France, in which with the Irish Brigade he saw much service. At Landen in 1693, he commanded the left wing of Luxembourg's armj% and there received his death wound. There is a tradition that as he lay mortallj' wounded he put his hand to his wound, and dra\A-ing it forth covered with blood, he lamented that the blood was not shed for Ireland. He was carried to Huy where he lingered for a few daj's. His widow married the Duke of Berwick.

0'Call.\ghax, Irish Brigades in the Seriice of France (Glasgow, 1870); Kellt, Macarice Eicidium, ed. O'Callaghan (Dublin, 18.50); D'Alton, King James's Army List (London, 1S61); ToDHUKTER, Life of Sarsfield (London, 1895) ; Clarke, Memoirs of James II (London, 1816); Story, Wars of Ireland (London, 1693)- D'Alton, History of Ireland (London, 1910).

E. A. D'Alton.

Sarsina, Diocese of (Sarsinatensis), in Emilia, Province of Forli, Italy. Besides agriculture and cat- tle-raising, the principal employments of the popula- tion are the sulphur and maganese industries. There are some deposits of fossilized carbon and various sul- phur springs. Ruins of temples, baths, and fortifica- tions; and urns, pillars, bronze objects, etc., show that this towTi, the birthplace of Plautus, was impor- tant in ancient days. It was an Umbrian city, was captured by CorneUus Scipio in 271 and was later a munidpium. In the tenth century the bishops ob- tained the temporal sovereignty of the city and the surrounding district. From 1327 till 1400 it was dis- puted for by the Ordelaffi of Forli, the popes, and the bishops. In the fifteenth centurj' it was subject in turn to the Malatesta of Cesena, and then to those of Rimini, from whom it was taken by Cicsar Borgia (1500-03), on whose death it was captured bv the Venetians (1503-09). In 1518 it was enfeoffed to the Pio di Meldola, passing later to the Aldobrandini. The cathedral is a noteworthy monument of the eighth century. The patron of the city is St. Vicinus, believed to have been bishop about the year 300; another bishop was St. Rufinus (fifth century). We may also mention: Benno (770), who erected the cathedral; St. ApoUinaris (1158), monk; Guido (1255), who de- fended the rights of his church and was killed for so doing; Francesco CalboU (1327), had to defend the city by force of arms against Francesco OrdelaflS; Benedetto Mateucci Accorselli (13S5), the last prince bishop; Gianfilipi)o Negusanti (1398), renowned for his piety and erudition; Raffaele degli Alessi (1.524), reformed the discipline and the morals of the people; Nicold Braiizi (12) was imprisoned in the Castle of S. Angclo Init liberated later. In 1807 Najjoleon suppressed the see, which, having been re-estab- lished in 1817, was in 1824 united to that of Berti- noro; but in 1853 was again re-established. The diocese is suffragan of Ravenna, and contains 34 par- ishes, with 90 secular priests, 32,000 inhabitants, and 2 houses of monks.

Cappelletti, Le rhiese d'ltalia; Azzalli-Frediani, Delle anti- chitA di S'lr.iina (Facnza, 1769); Copirr quorumdem pritilegiorum Ecclcsitc Sarsina: conccssorum (i'orll, 1692).

U. Benigni.

Sarto, Andrea del (Andrea d'Agnolo), b. at Florence in 1486; d. there in 1531. He received the surname Sarto from the fact that he was the son of a tailor. At first he was the pupil of an obscure mas- ter, G. Barile, but in 1498 he entered the studio of Piero di Cosimo. He visited Rome for a short time. Vasari says, that had he remained there long enough to study its masterpieces, Ik; would have "surpa.ssed all the artists of his day". Naturally diffident, lie felt him.self a stranger there, and hastened to return to Florence. Despite his bri<'f career, he produced a large number of frescoes and easel pictures. In 1509