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buildings, surrounding a spacious -patio lined with arcades and a monumental entrance consisting of seven arches. As it now stands, SanXavier delBac is considered the most remarkable rehc of the Spanish period north of Mexico; many important features which had gradually disappeared were replaced dur- ing the years 1906-10 by the Bishop of Tucson on his own responsibility, in an effort to restore the ancient and venerable pile to its pristine grandeur and to preserve it for future generations.

From 1827, the date of the expulsion of the Spanish missionaries, to 18G6, when the Rev. J. B. Salpointe (later Archbishop of Santa Fe) came to Tucson, the mission of San Xavier del Bac was completely aban- doned and left to the care of the Papago Indians, who saved it from destruction by the Apa(hes. Since 1868, when the Vicariate Apostolic of Arizona was erected, the bishops of Tucson have, by unremitting care and frequent outlay, warded off decay and ulti- mate ruin from the precious monument, constantly devoting at the same time especial and personal at- tention to the spiritual welfare of the Papago In- dians gathered around the mission. J'or the past thirty-five years a school has been maintained by the clergy of the parish of Tucson for the benefit of the Papago children. It is located in the mission build- ings and is conducted by the Sisters of Saint Joseph of Carondelet.

Arricivita, CrSnica serdfica del Apostdlico colegio de QuerStaro; Gditeras in Bull. Am. Cath. Hist. Soc, V, no. 2 (June, 1894) ; Or- tega, Hisloria del Nayaril, Sonora, Sinaloa y Ambas Californias (Mexico, 1887) ; Cr^tineau-Joly, Hist, de la compagnie de Jtsus, V (Paris, 1859), iii; de Long, Hist, of Arizona; Hamilton, Re- sources ojf Arizona ; History of Arizona Territory (San Francisco, 1884); Salpointe, Soldiers of the Cross (Banning, Cal., 1898); Francisco Garces, Diary, tr. Codes (New York, 1900).

Henry Granjon.

Sao Carlos do Pinhal, Diocese op (S. Caroli PiNHALENSis), suffragan of the Archdiocese of Sao Paulo, Brazil, South America, created on 7 June, 1908. The Rt. Rev. Jo.s6 Marcondes Homem de Mello, the j)resent bishop, was born on 1.'5 Feb., 1860, and elcvat(>d in May, 1900; he had been Archbishop of Pant, from which he resigned. The residence of the bishop is at Sao Carlos do Pinhal, State of Sao Paulo, founded in 1857 and raised to the rank of city on 21 April, 1880. It is connected with the city of Sao Paulo, capital of the state, by a railroad, the trip occupying about six hours. Its population is estimated at 67,000, mostly Catholics. 13esides the public schools and those maintained by the diocese, there is an excellent institution for the education of girls, known as "Collegio de Sao Carlos" and directed by the Sisters of the Most Holy Sacrament.

Julian Moreno-Lacalle.

Sao Luiz de Caceres, Diocese of (Sancti Aloy- sii DE Cacekes), in Brazil, suffragan of Cuyabd, from which diocese (arch April, 1910) it was separated by a papal Decree of 10 March, 1910. Sao Luiz de Cdcercs, otherwise known as Villa ^laria, is situated in the State of Matto Grosso on the left bank of the Rio Paraguay about 115 miles W. S. W. of Cuyabd and 50 miles from the Bolivian boundary. Founded in 1776 by Luiz de Albuquerque de Mello Pereira e Caceres as a fort to oppose the Spaniards and called Maria in honour of the Queen of Portugal, it was chartered as a town in 1859. In 1895 its popu- lation was only about 1500 (mostly Indians), but owing to the increasing commerce between Matto Grosso and the South which is carried on entirely by river, Sao Liiiz (being the most southerly Brazilian port on the Rio Paraguay) has become an important centre. The cathedral church is dedicated to St. Aloj'- sius. The diocesan statistics are not yet available.

Galanti, Compendia de hisloria do Brazil, III (Sao Paulo, 1902), 226-41.

A. A. MacErlean, XIIL— 30

Sao Luiz de Maranhao, Diocese of (Sancti LuDOVici de Maragnano), suffragan of Belem de Pard,, comprises the State of Maranhao in Northern Brazil. The Prefecture of Sao Luiz was annexed to the See of Olinda by Innocent XI, 15 July, 1614; on 30 Aug., 1677, it was created a bishopric depend- ent on Lisbon; Frei Antonio de S. Maria, a Capu- chin of S. Antonio, was appointed to the see, but before he took possession he was transferred to Miranda, and Gregorio dos Anjos, a secular canon of the Congregation of St. John the Evangelist, be- came its first bishop. It comprised then all Maran- hao, Pard, and Amazonas. The see was vacant from 1813 till 1820; Leo XII made it suffragan to Sao Sal- vador (15 June, 1827). In Jan., 1905, the Diocese of Piahuy was separated from Sao Luiz, which became suffragan to Belem de Pard, 3 May, 1906. The Dio- cese of Sao Luiz has an area of 177,560 square miles, and contains about 500,000 inhabitants, practically all Catholics; 57 parishes; 36 secular clergy; 12 La- zarists and Capuchins; 2 congregations of nuns; and about 100 churches and chapels. The present bishop, Francisco de Paula Silva, CM., successor of Mgr Albano, was born at Douradinho on 31 Oct., 1866; joining the Lazarists he was professed in 1891; or- dained on 24 Jan., 1896; appointed master of novices at Petropolis, and later rector of the Lazarist College, at Serra de Caracas, named Bishop of Sao Luiz on 18 April, 1907; consecrated on 14 July following by Cardinal Arcoverde of Rio de Janeiro.

The territory of Maranhao was discovered by Pinz6n in 1500 and granted to Joao de Barros in 1534 as a Portuguese hereditary captaincy. The Island of Maranhao lies between the Bays of Sao Marcos and Sao Jose. It was seized in 1612 by the French under Danic^l de La Touche, Seigneur de La Rividiere, who founded Sao Luiz, near the Rio Itapicuru, the site being blessed by the Capuchins who accompanied him and who established the Con- vent of St. Francis. The island was seized by the Portuguese under Albuquerque in 1614. Very suc- cessful Indian missions were soon begun by the Jesuits, who were temporarily expelled as a result of a civil war in 1684 for their opposition to the en- slavement of the Indians. Sao Luiz city has about 30,000 inhabitants, and contains several convents, charitable institutes, the episcopal palace, a fine Carmelite church, and an ecclesiastical seminary.

Galanti, Hist, do Brazil (Sao Paulo, 1896-1905).

A. A. MacErlean.

Sao Paulo, Archdiocese of (S. Pauli in Bra- silia). — The ecclesiastical province of Sao Paulo, in the Repubhc of Brazil, South America, comprises the Dioceses of Campinas, Ribcrao Preto, Taubate, Bo- tucatii, Corityba, and Sao Carlos clo Pinhal, all these dioceses being in the State of Sao Paulo. Created a bishopric in 1745 it was raised to metropolitan rank in 1908, when the above mentioned dioc(>ses were also created. The Catholic population in the province in 1910 amounted to over 2,500,000 souls. There are 203 secular priests; 50 regular priests, distributed among 7 rehgious orders and institutions of learn- ing; 4 convents; 530 churches and chapels; and 36 Catholic schools. In the city of Sao Paulo, the seat of the archdiocese, are located: the Seminario Pro- vincial, for ecclesiastical students; the Seminario Cen- tral; the Seminario das Educandas, under the Sisters of St. Joseph, for the education of poor girls; the Gymnasio de S. Bento, directed by the Benedictines; the Gymnasio Diocesano de S. Paulo, under the Mar- ist Brothers; the Gymnasio de Nossa Senhora do Monte Carmo; and the Lyceu de Artes e Officios do Sagrado Cora^ao de Jesus. The Catholic publica- tions in the diocese are: the "Boletin ecclesiastico", the official organ; "Ave Maria"; "Estandarte Catho- lico"; "Uniao Catholica". The city of Sao Paulo.