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clesiastical conferences and annual retreats; they form also among themselves a Clergy Relief Union, incorporated, and they are aided by 160 rehgious: Christian Brothers, Sisters of Loretto, of Charity, of the Most Blessed Sacrament, of St. Francis, and of the Sorrowful Mother.

Despite the increase in recent years of English- speaking people and the exclusive teaching of English in the schools, the diocese at large still is a Spanish- American community. The assimilation of Mexicans and Indians with the Americans, desired by some and dreaded by many, is an arduous task. All the priests speak both English and Spanish, besides other languages; but Spanish to-day is and must be used in the confessional and from the pulpit, except in a few cities (Santa Fe, Albuquerque, Las Vegas, Raton, and Roswell) where both languages are used. Likewise some of the old Spanish customs are re- tained, such as the administration of confirmation to infants. "Roma non objiciente", the privileges of Spain in regard to fast and abstinence are still in vogue, and the clergy live on the offerings of the faithful without regular salaries. Education, when the diocese was erected, was limited to the teaching in Spanish, exclusively, of the primary elements of religion, reading, and writing, by either the priests or lay teachers. To-day there are in the archdiocese: a college for boys (Santa Fe); a high school (.\1- buquerque); eight academies for young ladies; two boarding schools for Indians; parochial schools in Santa Fe, Albuquerque, Las Vegas, Bernalillo, Jemez, Pena Blanca, Folsom, Goswell, and Gallup, with an average, daily increasing, of 4000 children under Catholic care, despite the poverty of the people, and the moneyed competition of the Presbj'terian and Methodist missions, which have selected New Mexico as a field of operation. There is also in the diocese an orphan asylum for girls, and four sanatoria with hospital annexed, conducted by sisters, at Santa Fe, Albuquerque, Las Vegas, and Roswell. The flourishing condition of the diocese is due to the zeal of: Archbishop Lamy (1850-85); Archbishop Salpointe (1885-94); Archbishop Chapelle (1894- 97); Archbishop Bourgade (1898-1908) who built the cathedral at Tucson; and Archbishop Pitaval (1909 — ) ; and of the pioneers: Very Rev. P. Eguillon, Revs. G. J. Machebceuf (afterwards Bishop of Den- ver), J. B. Salpointe, Gabriel Ussel, J. M. Coudert, A. Truchard, J. B. Halliere, J. B. Fayet, J. Fialon, C. Seux, A. Fourchegu etc.

The relations between Church and State authori- ties are harmonious. Mass is said and catechism taught at the penitentiary and at the Government Indian school; at every Legislature a Catholic priest is chosen for chaplain and in nearly all country schools the teachers are Catholics.

Salpointe, Soldierx of the Cross (Banning, 1898); Defodri, Historical Sketch of the Cnlhulic Church in New Mexico (San Francisco, 1887); Engelhakdt, The Franciscans in Arizona (Harbor Springs, 1899). j^^ES DeRACHES.

Santa Fe, Diocese of (Sanct.e Fidei), in the Ar- gentine Republic, suffragan of Buenos Aires, compris- ing the Province of Santa Fe and the gobenui- ciones of El Chaco and Formosa, was separated from the Diocese of Parand (q. v.) on 15 February, 1897. Our Lady of Guadalupe (feast on second Sunday after Easter) is the diocesan patroness. The first and pres- ent bishop, Mgr. Juan Agustin Boneo (b. at Buenos Aires, 23 June, 1845, preconized titular Bishop of Arsinoe, 15 June, 189:3, as coadjutor to Archbishop Le6n Federico Aneiros of Buenos Aires), was trans- ferred to the newly-established see on 27 January, 1898. The diocese has an area of about 145,100 sq. miles and a population of 860,000 inhabitants, mostly Catholics. There are 65 parishes; 48 vice-parishes; 4 Indian mission centres; 143 secular clergy: aconciliar seminary with 45 students, and two students in the

CoUegio Pio Latino Americano, Rome; 52 Catholic colleges and schools, in addition to several Indian schools, orphanages at Santa Fe, Esperanza, and Ro- sario, and Catholic hospitals at Santa Fe, Rosario, Esperanza, and Las Rosas. The rehgious orders in- clude the Dominicans, Franciscans, Fathers of the Sacred Heart, Missionaries of the Heart of Mary, Fathers of the Divine Word, Jesuits, and Salesians; Dominicanesses, Capuchin Sisters, Sisters of the Holy Union, Daughters of Maria Auxihadora. Among the many Cathohc societies are the Apostleship of Prayer, Workingmen's Circles, Conferences of St. Vincent de Paul, and Priests' Eucharistic League. The Prov- ince of Santa Fe has an area of about 51,000 sq. miles, and a population of 820,000. Its capital, Santa Fe (45,000 inhabitants), situated on the Rio Salado, founded by Juan de Garay in 1573, is associated with the most important events in the national life of Ar- gentina. In its old cabildo, or city hall, the Con- stituent Congress of 1882 and the National Conven- tion of 1860 were held. It contains a Jesuit Church (1654) and a large Jesuit College of the Immaculate Conception. There are 14 churches and chapels be- sides the 3 parish churches; the cathedral is dedi- cated to St. Joseph. The "El amigo del obrero" is published twice a week in the interests of the Catho- hc working man.

Rosario, 186 miles from Buenos Aires, the most important city in the diocese and the second in the re- public, was founded in 1725 by Francisco Godoy, as a settlement for the Calchaqui Indians, and has a popu- lation of about 190,000. It is situated on the Rio Paranil, and, being the centre of the Argentine grain trade, has very extensive commerce, its exports be- ing valued at £7,301,398 and its imports at£6,397,- 579 in 1907. The town is beautifully constructed and contains many large public parks. In 1907 it had 130 schools attended by 15,563 children. It contains 4 parishes, 2 vice-parishes, and 22 public or semi-public chapels, including an Irish church. The Salesian Fathers publish a weekly newspaper "Cristoforo Co- lombo".

The Territories of El Chaco (area about 52,700 sq. miles, population 25,000) and Formosa (about 41,400 sq. miles, population 15,000) from real mis- sionary regions entrusted to the ministrations of the Franciscans of San Lorenzo in Santa Fe, of La Merced at Corrientes, and of San Francisco in Salta. They form a vicariate forane with h(>adquarter8 at Resistencia, R. P. Pedro Iturralde, commissary gen- eral of the Franciscan missionaries, being the present vicar forane. There is a parish church at Resistencia and chapels at San Josd and San Antonio. The fathers have a mission (founded in 1900) at Nueva Pompeya on the Rio Bermejo, with a school for the Mataco Indians (40 pupils); they minister also in the colonies of La Florencia (Rio Teuco), La Buenaven- tura (Rio Pilcomayo), and Frias (Rio Berno). There is a native mission at San Francisco Solano (Rio Pil- comayo), with an Indian school equipped with forges, saw-mills, carpentry works, and a sugar factory. The mission at San Francisco de Laishi near Colonia Aquino (Formosa) is exclusively of the Tobas Indians, and contains a similar school directed by the mission- aries.

UssHER, Guia eclesidstica Argentina (Buenos Aires, 1910); Anuario estadlstica de la ciudad del Rosario de Santa Fe (Rosario, current issue); Martin, Through Five Republics of South America (London, 1906); Hirst, Argentina (London, 1910), 264-77.

A. A. MacErlean.

Santa Lucia del Mela, Prelature Nullius of, within the territory of the Archdiocese of Messina, Sicily, now governed by an administrator Apostolic, who is always a titular bishop. It comprises 7 par- ishes, with 72 secular priests.

For bibliography, see Sicily; Messina.

U. Benigni.