Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 13.djvu/48

 RHODIOPOLIS

26

RHYMED

duty to foster an enterprise doomed to failure and disaster. Events seemed to justify his prognostica- tions, for the mission, owing to fever and the hard- ships of travel, seemed to be losing more workers than it made converts. In 1S93, however, the power of Lobengula was broken and mission stations began to grow up in the neighbourhood of Salisbury, the capital, and of Bulawayo. In Matabeleland there are two mission stations, one at Bulawayo and the second at Empandeni, some sixty miles away. This last station owns a property of about one hundred square miles most of which formed the original grant of Lobengula and the title to which was confirmed by the company. The principal station among the ^iashonas or Makaranga is Chishawasha, fourteen miles from Salisbury- (founded in 1892). There are other stations of more recent date at Salisbury'", Driefontein, Hama's Ivraal, and IMzondo, near Victoria, all under the charge of the Jesuit Fathers. The Missionaries of IMarianhill, recently separated from the Trappists, have two missions in Mashona- land at Macheke and St. Trias Hill. The Makaranga who are thus being evangelized from seven mission stations are the descendants of the predominant tribe who received the faith from the Ven. Father Gon^alo de Silveira in 1561. Among the Batongas, who owe a somewhat doubtful allegiance to King Lewanika in North-western Rhodesia, there are two Jesuit mission stations on the Chikuni and Nguerere Rivers. These missions are under the jurisdiction of the Jesuit Prefect Apostolic of the Zambesi, resident in Bulawayo. There are 35 priests, 30 lay brothers, and 83 nuns in charge of the missions. The Catholic native population is about 3000. For the missions of North-eastern Rhodesia see Nyassa, Vicariate, Apcstolic of. The land of the mission stations in Rhodesia is usually a grant from the Government made on condition of doing missionary work and is therefore inalienable without a special order in Council. Native schools, in some cases, are in receipt of a small grant from the Government. The Jesuit Fathers have one school for white boys (120) at Bulawayo, while the Sisters of the Third Order of St. Dominic have three: at Bulawayo (210), Salis- bury (130), and Gwelo (40). These schools are un- denominational and receive grants from the Govern- ment. Hence Catholics, who were first in the field, have a very considerable share in the education of the countr>'. New Government schools have been built recently in Salisbury, Bulawayo, and Gwelo and other places in order to meet the growing de- mand for education and they have, so far, succeeded in filling their school-rooms without taking many piipils from the schools managed by Catholics.

The chief sfjurre of information about the Zambesi Mission is the Zamheni Mixnon Record, issued quarterly (Roehampton, Englandj; Hensman, A Hixtm-y of Rhodesia (London, 1900); Hone, Soulfiern Rhodenia (London. 1909); Hall, Prehistoric RhodeHa (lyfjndon, 1909); Michell, Life of C. J. Rhodes (2 vols London, 1910).

James EjE>fDAL.

Rhodiopolis, titular see of Lycia, suffragan of Myra, fulled Rhodia by Ptolemy (V, 3) and Stcphanus Byzantiufj; Rhodiapolis on its coins and inscriptions; Rhodioprjlis by Pliny (V, 28), who locates it in the mountains to the north of Corydalla. Its history is unknown. Its ruins may be seen on a hill in the heart of a forest at F^ski Hissar, vilayet of Koniah. They consist of the remains of an aqueduct, a small theatre, a temple of Escalapius, sarcophagi, and churches. Only one bishop is known, Nicholas, present in 518 at a Qjuncil of Cfjnstantinople. The "Notitiaj episcopatuum " continue to m«!ntion the see as late as the twelfth or thirteenth century.

Le Qpiev, Orient rhriniinnuK, I. 991; Spratt and Forbes, TrateU »n Lycia. I, 166, 181; Hmitu, Did. of Greek nnd Roman gtoffr-. B. V.

S. P^TKIDfcs.

Rhode, a Christian writer who flourished in the time of Commodus (180-92); he was a native of Asia who camo to Rome where he was a pupil of Tatian's. He wrote several books, two of which are mentioned by Eusobius (Hist, eccl., V, xiii), viz., a treatise on "The Six Days of Creation" and a work against the Marcionitcs in which he dwelled upon the various opinions which divided them. Eusebius, upon whom we depend exchisivclj'- for our knowledge of Rhodo, quotes some passages from the latter work, in one of which an account is given of the Marcionite Apelles. St. Jerome (De vir. ill.) amplifies Euse- bius's account somewhat by making Rhodo the author of a work against the Cataphrygians — probably he had in mind an anonymous work quoted by Eusebius a httle later (op. cit., V, xvi).

Harnack, Altchrist Lit., p. H^Q; Bardenhewer, Patrology (tr. Shahan, St. Louis, 1908), 117.

F. J. Bacchus.

Rhosus, a titular see in Cilicia Secunda, suffragan to Anazarba. Rhosus or Rhossus was a seaport situated on the Gulf of Issus, nowAlexandretta, south- west of Alexandria (Iskenderoun or Alexandretta). It is mentioned by Strabo (XIV, 5; XVI, 2), Ptolemy (V, 14), Pliny (V, xviii, 2), who place it in Syria, and by Stephanus Byzantius; later by Hierocles (Synecd. 705, 7), and George of Cyprus (Descriptio orbis romani, 827), who locate it in Cilicia Secunda. To- wards 200, Serapion of Antioch composed a treatise on the Gospel of Peter for the faithful of Rhosus who had become heterodox on account of that book (Eusebius, "Hist, eccl.", VI, xii, 2). Theodoret (Philoth. Hist., X, XI), who places it in Cilicia, relates the history of the hermit Theodosius of Antioch, founder of a monastery in the mountain near Rhosus, who was forced by the inroads of barbarians to retire to Antioch, where he died and was succeeded by his disciple Romanus, a native of Rhosus; these two religious are honoured by the Greek Church on 5 and 9 February. Six bishops of Rhosus are known (Le Quien, "Or. Christ.", II, 905): Antipatros, at the Council of Antioch, 363; Porphyrins, a correspondent of St. John Chrj'sostom; Julian, at the Council of Chalcedon, 451; a little later a bishop (name un- known), who separated from his metropolitan to approve of the reconciliation effected between John of Antioch and St. Cyril; Antoninus, at the Council of Mopsuestra, 550; Theodore, about 600. The see is mentioned among the suffragans of Anazarba in "Notitise episcopatuum" of the Patriarchate of Antioch, of the sixth century (Vailh6 in "Echos d'Orient", X, 145) and one dating from about 840 (Parthey, "Hieroclis synecd. ct notit. gr. episcopat.", not. la, 827). In another of the tenth century Rhosus is included among the exempt sees (Vailh6, ibid., 93 seq.). In the twelfth century the town and neighbouring fortress fell into the hands of the Ar- menians; in 1268 this castle was captured from the Templars by Sultan Bibars (Alishan, "Sissouan", Venice, 1899, 515). Rhosus is near the village of Arsous in the vilayet of Adana.

S. P^TRIDfeS.

Rhsrmed Bibles. — The rhymed versions of the Bihk; are almost entirely collections of the psalms. The oldest English rhymed psalter is a pre-Roforma- tion translation of the Vulgate psalms, generally assigned to the reign of Henry II and still preserved in Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. The Bodle- ian Library, Oxford, has another Catholic rhyming psalter of much the same style, assigned epigraphic- ally to the time of Edward II. Thomas l^rampton did the Seven Penitential Psalms, from the Vulgate, into rhyming verse in 1414; the MS. is in the Cotton- ian collection, British Museum. The.se and other prf!-Reformafion rhyming psalters tell a story of popular use of the vernacular Scripture in England,