Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 13.djvu/445

 SALAMON

395

SALE

St. Jerome, "Contra Joannem Hierosolymitanum " in P. L., XXIII, 355; Idem, "Ad Theophilum" in P. L., XXII, 736; Epiphanius, "Ad Joannem Hie- rosolymitanum" in P. G., XLIII, 379; Socrates, "Hist, eccl.", VI, x-xiv; Sozoraen, "Hist, eccl.", VIII, xiv-xv. The chief editions of Epiphanius's works are those of Petavius (Paris, 1622); Greek text, Latin tr., and notes, reproduced with addi- tions in P. G., XLI-XLIII; and of Dindorf (Leip- zig, 1859-62), 5 vols., giving only the Greek text, improved in some parts.

Bakdenhbwer, PalroloQy, tr. Shahan (St. Louis, 190.'J); Zarucke, Lilerarischer Zenlralblatt, LXI, no. 16.

Louis Saltet.

Salamon, Louis-Siffren-Joseph, Bishop of Saint- Flour; b. at Carpentras, 22 Oct., 1759; d. at Saint- Flour, 11 June, 1829. After studying law and theol- ogy at Avignon, at that time belonging to the Papal States, he was made auditor of the Rota by the favour of Pius VI. This office he resigned for a post in the Parliament of Paris, where he took part in the famous case of th(! "Diamond Necklace" (1784), which Cardinal de Rohan had purchased for Marie Antoinette (q. v.). He continued to be a member until the Parliament was abolished (1790). Meanwhile he had kept up a correspondence with the cardinal secretary of State, informing him of all that passed in Paris and could be of interest to Pius VI. When the nuncio, Mgr Dugnani, left Paris towards the end of 1790, the pope appointed Salamon to be his internuncio at the Court of Louis XVI. His devotion to the Church marked him out for persecu- tion, and accordingly he was thrown into pri.son at the time of the September massacres, 1792. Twice he narrowly escaped death. On his release he wandered about in disguise, acting as vicar Apostolic. In 1801 Mgr Caprara arrived in France as papal legate, and appointed him administrator general of the dioceses of Normandy. The new pontiff, Pius VII, did not select him for one of the sees under the Concordat, but made him Bishop of Orthozia in parlibus. It was not until after the Restoration that he received a French see at the suggestion of Louis XVIII (1820). His episcopate lasted only nine years, but these were full of work for the restoration of re- ligion. The training of the clergy especially en- gaged his attention, as he lamented the contrast between the cultured priests of the old regime and those who were brought up during the confusion of the Revolution. His "Memoiros" were discovered at Rome and published by .Vbbe Bridier ("M^moires in6dits de I'internonce a Paris pendant la Revolution ", Paris, 1890). They have been translated by Frances Jackson ("A Papal Envoy during the Terror", Ix)n- don, 1911). His statements are sometimes at variance with established facts.

Delaporte, L' Inlirnonce d Parix, petulant la revoltUion in Etudes. LII [LIII] (Pari.s, 1891), 818-22; Scannell, The inter- nuncio at Paris during the revolution in Dublin Review, CIX (London, 1891), 107-23. T. B. ScANNELL.

Salazar, Domingo de, b. in La Rioja, in the village of La Bastida on the banks of the Ebro, 1512; d. in Madrid, 4 December, 1594. He entered the Domin- ican monastery of San Esteban, Salamanca. Sent to Mexico, where he received the degree of Master in Theology, he was appointeel to the professor's chair. His ambition to evangelize the heathen was granted and he devoted himself to the conversion of the natives in the Province of Guajaca. He was char- acterized h(>re by the same zeal for defending the rights of the Indians that he manifested later in an heroic degree in the Philippines. Salazar was next transferred to Florida, where he passed many years in toil and privation. From Florida he was recalled to Mexico to be prior of his convent and vi(^e-pro- vincial of his order. After forty years of missionary life, he was sent to Madrid on important business con-

nected with the Mexican mission. Political enemies tried to thwart his work and succeeded in having him thrown into pri.son when he sought audience of the king. It was then that his presence in Madrid was brought to the attention of Philip, who proposed his name to the pope as Bishop of the Philippines. Salazar was loath to accept the dignity; but his missionary spirit prevailed. As he wrote later: "One of the reasons which made me accept this bishopric was the fact that these Islands are near China. . . . For a long time I have had the con- version of that kingdom at heart, and with that thought I came to these Islands". He set out for his see via Acapulco, taking with him twenty Domin- icans, twelve of whom died before reaching Mexico; of the remainder only one was able to continue the journey to the Philippines. Salazar arrived in Manila in 1581. He espoused the cause of the Filipino with a fearlessness that won for him the titles of the "in- trepid Salazar", "the Las Casas of the Philippines". He held a synod of the clergy, which was later con- firmed by the pope, erected a cathedral, regulated the internal affairs of the diocese, opened a college, and established a hospital. In his charity to the poor he even pledged his pectoral cro.ss to relieve their neces- sities. Old age did not lessen his zeal. He was almost eighty when he set out for Spain to plead in person the cause of the natives with the king. His mission was successful; various abuses were corrected, three new dioceses were created, and Manila was elevated to a metropolitan see with Salazar as its first arch- bishop. He died before receiving the Bull of his appointment and was buried in the Church of Santo Tomils, Madrid. His tomb bears this inscription: "Hie jacct D. Fr. Dominicus de Salazar Ordinis Pra»dicatorum, Philippinarum Episcopus, doctrina clarus verus religiosa? vita) sectator, suarum ovium piissimus Pastor, pauperum Pater, et ipse vera pauper. Obiit 4 die Decembris anno 1594."

liLAiR AND RoBERTi40N, The Philippine Islands (Cleveland, lOO.'J); Ferrando, ilistoria de los PP. Dominicos en las Islas Filipinas (Madrid, 1870); More.\o, Historia de la Santa Jylesia Melropolitana de Filipinas (Manila, 1877).

Philip M. Finegan.

Sale, Diocese op (Saliensis), in Victoria, Austra- lia, comprises all the territory known as Gippsland. In 1840 Count Strzelecki, an expatriated Polish scientist, accompanied by a young Irishman named James Riley and some attendants, first penetrated this region, which they found to be singularly fertile and teeming with resources, though hitherto regarded as a trackless waste. Its scenery is remarkably beautiful, and it is often called the "Garden of Aus- tralia". Still it was colonized but slowly, as the native inhabitants were regarded as fierc<; and warlike, while many natural ob.stacles to .settlement were offered by the dense forests, lofty mountain ranges, and swift torrents. At the present time, however, it is one of the regions of Australia best known to tourists. It is rich in pasture and timber lands, while its vast mineral wealth is still only partly developed.

The capital is Sale, now the seat of the episcopal see erected in 1887 at the request of the plenary synod. Its first bishop was the present titular Rt. Rev. James Francis Corbett. He was born at Lim- erick in 1840; his theological studies were made in France, and on his return he worked for some years as a priest in his native diocese. He went to Austra- lia at the invitation of Archbishop Goold of Mel- bourne, to whom he acted as diocesan secretary while fulfilling the duties of pastor of St. Kilda's. He was assistant secretary of the synod of 1885, and on his appointment to the new .see was consecrated by Archbishop Carr of Melbourne 25 August, 1887, in the Church of St. Kilda which he him.self had built. On his arrival in his diocese there were within its limits three parochial districts and four priests.