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the university did excellent work. Dr. William Beau- mont, widely known for his ob.servat ion.s in the case of Alexis St. Martin, was among the first professors of the medical school. Rush Medical College of Chicago owes its existence to an early professor at the school. Dr. Brainard, and the Cooper Medical Col- lege of San P>ancisco was founded by an alumnus, Dr. Cooper. Another student of those early days, Dr. L. C. Boisliniere, wrote a text-book on obstetrics, which Ls still of considerable value. In 1848 Dr. M. L. Linton organized the first medical monthly in America, "The St. Ix)uis Medical and Surgical Jour- nal". Buckner, Barret, Garesche, and Sharp, of the old Law School, were men of national prominence in their day. Eight American prelates have had inti- mate connexions with the university': Du Bourg of Loui.siana, as founder; Rosati of St. Louis, as patron and benefactor; Van de Velde of Chicago and Carrell of Covington, as presidents; Miege, Vicar Apostolic of Indian Territon,-, as a professor; de Xeckere of New Orleans, Harty of Manila, and Chartrand, Auxiliary of Indianapolis, as students. Other students of the university who rose to prominence in ecclesiastical affairs are the Very Rev. A. M. Anderledy, General of the Society of Jesus, and the Reverends Joseph Kel- ler and R. J. Meyer. English a.ssistants to the General of the Society. Fathers Carrell, Heylen, Smarius, Damen, and Conway were noted preachers con- nected with the university.

From an earlj' date, members of the faculty de- voted themselves to writing. Walter H. Hill, S.J., was among the first to write text-books on scholastic philosophy in English, and his works are still widely used. "The Happiness of Heaven", by Florentine Boudreaux, S.J., and "The Imitation of the Sacred Heart", by Peter Arnoudt, S.J., have gone through many editions (the most recent, 1910), and have been translated into most modern languages. Joseph Keller, R. J. Meyer, F. Garesche, and Joseph Fastre, all of the Society, wrote on ascetical subjects, while the writings of Pierre Jean de Smet did much to bring the Indian Missions into public notice. Within recent years books and studies on philosophy, theol- ogj', apologetics, ecclesiastical hi.story, pedagogy, and canon law, have been published by the Jesuit pro- fessors, Poland, Otten, Higgins, Coppens, Gruender, Conway, Rother, Martin, Conroy, and Fanning. Fathers Coppens and McXichols have issued text- books on English literature. Father Thomas Hughes Ls well known as an authority on the history of the Jesuits, and is the author of "Loyola and the Educational System of the Jesuits". Fathers Finn, Copus, and Spalding are the authors of books of fic- tion for the young which have an extensive circula- tion. Profes.sors Harris and Steele have published Uixt-books on law, Professtjr Harris' work on "Wills" being noteworthy among recent contributions on the Bubject. Profes.sors Eycleshymer, Thompson, Lyon, NeiLson, Chaddock, Engman, and Loeb, have written on medical topics. Scientific studies have been pub- lished by the Jesuit professors, de Laak, Monaghan, Borgmeyer, and Coony. Among the alumni who have won distinction in the field of history may be mentioned, E. li. O'Callaghan, Lucien Carr, Paul Beckwith, and Firrnin Rozier; and in general litera- ture, John Lesperancc, Cond6 B. Fallen, and Irwin

RuBWill.

Through its early missionaries who founded many Bettlements throughout the West, and through its alumni, many of whom have risen to high rank in civil and fjrofesKJonal ViU\ th(r university has con- tributed much to the upbuilding of Church and State in the West. Within a few years after the coming of the Jesuits to St. Ixiuis more than forty establish- ments had be<?n ma^le; the work of dc. Smet, who founded missions as far to the North-w(«t as Ore- gon, is famous. Adrian and Christian Hoecken,

Ponziglione and others from the university evangel- ized Indians and whites throughout the West ; many of these early mi.ssions became the centres of flourishing communities. In education the direct influence of the university has been wide, no less than thirteen colleges and professional schools having been founded bj' its professors or alumni. Degrees have been con- ferred from 1834 to 1911 as follows: Doctors, Ph.D., 27; LL.D., 33; M.D.,935; D.D.S., 107; Mus. D., 1; total 1103. Masters, M.A., 175; M.S., 1; total 176. Bachelors, B.A.. 402; B.S., 75; Ph.B., 5; LL.B., 59; B.F.A., 2; B.C.S., 1; total 544. Grand total of de- grees conferred, 1823. During this jM-riod 722 mem- bers of the Society of Jesus completed tlie full courses of the schools of divinity and philosopliy.

Present Status. — St. Louis University consists of the college, the school of divinity, the school of philosophj% the school of advanced science, the de- partment of seismology and meteorology, the school of medicine, the school of dentistry, the institute of law, and the school of commerce and finance. In De- cember, 1910, the General of the Society of Jesus, Very Rev. F. X. Wernz, by official act constituted St. Louis University a collegium maximum. This is a title conferred in recognition of the university's rank among Jesuit educational institutions. The faculty members and students are distributed as follows (June, 1911):

Faculty Students

Coilege 38 468

School of Divinity 8 92

School of Philosophy 4 55

Seismology and ^Ieteorology 2 4

School of Advanced Science 4 4

School of Medicine 97 296

School of Dentistry 14 125

Institute of Law 52 197

Commerce and Finance 22 46

Totals 241 1287

The University Library contains more than 70,000 volumes, among them many rare and valuable works. There are also special libraries in each department of the university. The museum contains specimens illustrating the fields of geology, palaeontology and ethnolog>'; the art collection though small contains some paintings of considerable merit. The "Fleur de Lis", a literary pubhcation, and a number of philo- sophical, literar>', and scientific societies, several of which publish their proceedings, furnish the student added opportunities for mental develoj^ment; the So- dality of the Blessed Virgin Mary and other religious organizations offer additional aids to piety. Uni- versity athletics are controlled by a students' associa^ tion working in connexion with the Faculty Board of Athletics. The gymnasium is fairly equipped and a splendid campus has been recently secured. The Alumni Association with records dating from 1828 is well organized and helps much to promote loyalty to the university. The General Catalogue, issued an- nually, and the Announceinerifs jiublished by the schools from time to time during the year, furnish de- tailed information in regard to llie university.

Fannino, /lint. Sketch of St. Louis Univ. (St. Louis, 1908); Idkm, Diarrumd Jubilee of St. Louin Univ. (St. Louis, 1904); Hill, Hiil. Sketch of St. Louis Univ. (St. Louis, 1K79); Kennv in The Catholic Church in the U. S. (New York, 1910); BilivON, Annals of St. Louin (,St. Louis, 1886) ; Chittenden and Richard- HON, Life of Pierre Jean De Smet (New York, 1905); Clarke. Bishops of the Catholic Church in the U. S. (New York, 1889); HooAN, Thoughts ahoul St. Louis (St. Louis, 1854); Hyde and CoNARD, Hist, of St. Louis (St. Louis, 1891); Scharf, Hist, of St. Louis (Fhilaouis, 1869); ed. Thornton, Catholic Institutions in St. Louis (.St. I>ouis, 1911); cd. Thwaite, Early Western Travels (Cleve- land, HK)6); AnnaUs de I' Association de la Foi (March, 1825, Nov., 1827); Archives of the Province of Missouri (1826); Dona- hoe's Magazine (Nov., 1904); Fleur de Lis (1898), pasMim; Woodstock Letters (1876), passim; Missouri Republican, files for 1818; CataloffUM, Bulletins, Announcements of St. Louis Uni- tertUy. PaUL L. BlAKKLY.