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 SAINT CLOUD

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SAINT CLOUD

mendatory abbots of Saint-Clautlo were Pierre de la of Saint-Claude, celebrated in the fifteenth century Baume (1510-44) during whose admmistration Geneva for his prophecies in 1421 and 1422 to Charles VII and fell away from the faith; Don Juan of Austria, natural Henry V, King of England, relative to the deliverance son of Philip IV (1045-79), and Cardinal d'Estrees of France and the birth of a dauphin; St. Francis de (1681-1714). The Abbey of Saint-Claude and the Sales; Ste Jane de Chantal, whose important inter- lands depending on it became French territory in view at Saint-Claude in 1G04 determined the founda- 1674, on the conquest of La Franche-Comt6. At that tion of the Visitation order; Venerable Frances Monet, time, such was the devotion to St. Claudius that the in religion Frangoise de Saint-Joseph (15S9-1669), inliabitants of La Franclie-Comte took him as their Carmelite nun at Avignon and miracle worker, born second regional patron, and associated him every- at Bonas in the diocese; Blessed Pierre Francois Neron, where with St. Andrew, the first patron of the Bur- martyr, a native of the diocese (nineteenth century), gundians. Benedict XIII prepared and Benedict The principal pilgrimages in the Diocese of Saint- XIV published a Bull on 22 January, 1742, decreeing Claude are: the Church of St-Pierre at Baume-les- the secularization of the abbey and the erection of the Moines, where numerous relics are preserved; Notre- episcopal See of Saint-Claude. The bishoji, who bore Dame-de-Mont-Roland, end of the eleventh century; the title of count, inherited all the seignorial rights of Notre-Dame-Miraculeuse, at Bletterans, 1490; Notre-

the abbot. Moreover the bish- op and the canons continued to hold the dependents of the old abbey as subject to the mort- main, which meant that these men were incapable of dispos- ing of their property. The lawyer. Christian, in 1770, waged a very vigorous cam- paign in favour of six com- munes that protested against the mortmain, anddi.sputed the claims of the canons of Saint- Claude to the proj^erty rights of their lands. Voltaire inter- vened to help the communes. The Parhament of Besangon, in 1775, confirmed the rights of the Chapter; but the agi- tation excited by the philos- ophers apropos of those sul>- ject to the mortmain of Saint - Claude, was one of the signs of the approa(hing French Revo- lution. In March, 1794, the body of St. Claudius was burnt by order of the revolutionary authorities.

Dole, where Frederick Bar- baros.sa constructed in the twelfth century an immense castle in which he sojourned

Facade of the Cathedral, Saint-Claude

Dame-de-la-Balme, at Epy, sixteenth century; Notre- Dame-Liberatrice, at Salins, 1639; Notre-Dame-de-Micges, 1699; Notre-Dame-de-1'Ermi- tage, at Arbois, seventeenth century ; N o t r e-Damc-du- Chene, at Cousance, 1774. Be- fore the application of the Law of 1901 against the congre- gations there were in the Dio- cese of Saint-Claude, J(>suits, and various teaching orders of brothers; the Trappists still re- main there. Among the congre- gations of nuns which were first founded in the diocese are: the Sanirs du Saint-Esprit, teachers and hospitallers, with their mother-house at Poligny, and the Si.sters of the Third Order of St. Francis of the Im- maculate Conce])tion, teachers and hosi)itallers, with their mother-house at Lons-le-Sau- nier. At the close of the nine- teenth century the religious congregations directed in the diocese 89 day nurseries, 2 asylums for invalids, 6 boys' orphanages, 4 girls' ori)hanages, 1 home for the poor, 1 asylum

from time to time, but which has now disappeared, and where Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, establi-shed in 1422 a parliament and a university — tran.sf erred in 1691 to Besangon by Louis XIV — deserves mention in religious history. The Jesuits opened at Dole, in the sixteenth century, a celebrated establishment known as the College de I'Arc, the most important in France after the College de la P16che. Anne de Sainctonge (1567-1621) founded there an important branch of the Ursulines, which left its mark in the history of primary education in France. The celebrated chemist, Pasteur (1822-95), was a native of Dole. Among the saints connected with the history of the diocese are: St. Anatolius, Bishop of Adana in Cilicia, who died a hermit near Salins in the diocese (fifth century); St. Lautenus (477-547), founder of the monastery bearing his name; St. Bemond, who established the Benedictine abbey of Gigny and rebuilt in 926 the Benedictine abbey of Baurne-les-Moines (ninth-tenth centurv); St. Colette of Corbie (1381-1447) (q. v.), foundress of the Poor Clare convent at Poligny, in which town hrT relics are preserved; her friend lilesserl Ix)uise of Savoy (1462-1.503). niece of Ixjuis XI, King of France, and daughter of Blessed Amarleus IX of Savoy, wife of Hugue <h- Clialon, Lorrl of Xozeroy, then a Poor Clare in the monaxtfry of Orbe founded by St. Colette; her relics were transff-rred to Nozeroy anrl afterwards to Turin ; Blessed John of Ghent, surriamed the hermit settlers, the history of the Diocese of St. Cloud begins.

for Magdalenes, 14 hospitals or hospices, 3 disj)ensaries, 23 houses of nuns devoted to nursing the sick in their own homes, 1 house of retreat, 2 hosjiices for incur- ables, and 1 asylum for the insane. At the end of the Concordat period (1905) the Diocese of Saint-Claude contained 261,288 inhabitants, 34 parishes, 356 suc- cursal parishes, 24 vicariates, towards the support of which the State contributed.

Gallia chriMiana (nova, 1728), IV, 241-2,54; BenoIt, Hist, de I'abbaye et de la lerre de S. Claude (Montreuil-sur-Mer, 1890); POUPABDIN, Etude xur les deux dipldmes de Charlemagne -pour I'abbaye de S. Claude in Moyen-Age (lOO.'i); Lahdky de Billy, Hinl. de V Universiti du comt6 de Bourgoyne (Besangon, 1814) ; Beaune and d'Arbaumont, Les universilis de Franche-Comti (Dijon, 1870); Puffeney, Hist, de Dole (Besangon, 1882); PiDoux, Hist, de la confririe de Saint Yves des avocats, de la Sainte Hoxtie miraculeuse et de la confririe du Haint Sacrement de Dole

(1902). Georges Goyau.

Saint Cloud, Dioce.se of (Sancti Clodoaldi), sufTragan of the Archdiocese of St. Paul, Minn., com- prises the counties of Stearns, Sherburne, Benton. Morri.son, Mille Lacs, Kanabec, Grant, Pope, Stevens, Isanti, Traverse, Douglas, \\ilkin, Otter-Tail, Todd, Wadena, in the State of Minnesota, an area of 12,251 square miles. The bisliop resides in St. Cloud, Stearns county. In 1680 Father Henne|)in vi.sited the Indians at Mille Lacs, and for one hundred and seventy years no other priest (lame to these regions. In 1851, when this part of Minnesota was thrown open to white