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 SAINT-BRIEUC

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SAINT-BRIEUC

the Cross; Sisters of the Five Wounds of Our Sa- viour; Sisters of Mercv; the Franciscan Missionaries of Marv, and the Obhlte Sisters of the Sacred Heart and Marj- Immaculate, founded by the present arch- bishop. ,,.

History. — The principal events m the history of the archdiocese are intimately connected with the Uves of its bishops, which will be found under the heads Provencher and Tache. In addition to these and to the data already furnished in the course of the present article are to be mentioned the burning (14 Dec, 1S60) of the first stone cathedral,^ whose "turrets twain" have been sung by the poet Whittier. A new and somewhat more modest edifice was soon after put up, which had to be razed to make room for the monumental cathedral erected by Tache's suc- cessor. Archbishop Adelard L. P. Langevin, O.M.I. The new temple is a massive stone building of Byzan- tine style, with a reproduction of the "turrets twain" of the poet. With the sacristy it measures 312 feet in length, and 2S0 feet along, inside, with a proportion- ate width. Its first stone was laid on 15 Aug., 1906, and the edifice was solemnly blessed 4 Oct. 1908. In the modest church which it replaced the First Pro- vincial Council of St. Boniface took place in 1889, with six bishops in attendance. The present incum- bent of the see was b. at St. Isidore de Laprairie, Diocese of IMontreal, 24 Aug., 1855, he became an oblate 25 Julv, 1882, and was consecrated at St. Boni- face 19 March, 1895.

Quite a galaxj' of brilUant public men have shed lustre on the stiU young Diocese of St. Boniface. Without mentioning several French half-breeds who occupied high posts on the bench or in the provincial legi-slature, we may name M. A. Girard, who was successively Member of Parliament, speaker of the Assembly and Premier of Manitoba; Joseph Royal, a wTiter of note, who, after having been a member of the ^Ianitoba Government, was appointed Governor of the North-West Territories; James McKay, a con- vert, who filled the role of President of the Council in the Girard Cabinet; Joseph Dubuc, who was suc- cessively legislator. Crown minister, and speaker of the legislature, and ended his public career as Chief Justice of his adoptive province.

The Official Catholic Directory (New York, 1911); and espe- cially unpublished documents furnished by the Archdiocese of St. Boniface; Morice, History of the Catholic Church in Western Canada (Toronto, 1910).

A. G. Morice.

Saint- Brieuc, Diocese of (Briocum), comprises the Di'partment of the Cotes du Nord. Re-established by the Concordat of 1802 as suffragan of Tours, later, in 1859, suffragan of Rennes, the Diocese of Saint- Brieuc was made to include: (1) the ancient diocese of the same name; (2) the greater portion of the Diocese of Tr6guier; (3) a part of the old Dioceses of St. Malo, Dol, and Quimper, and (4) four parishes of the Diocese of Vannes. In 1852 the Bi.shops of Saint-Brieuc were authorized to add to their title that of the ancient See of Tr(3guier.

Diocese of Saint-Brieuc. — An Irish saint, Briocus (Brieuc), who died at the beginning of the sixth century founrled in honour of St. Stephen a monastery which afterwards bore his name, and from which sprang the tf>wn of Saint-Brieuc. An inscrip- tion later than the ninth century on his tomb, at Saint- Serge at Angers, mentions him as the first Bishop of Saint-Brieuc. According to Mgr Duchesne certain trustworthy documents prove that it was King Nomenoe who, about the middle of the ninth century, ma^le the monastery the seat of a bishopric. Among the Bishops of Saint-Brieuc, the following are men- tioned: St. Guillaume Pinchon (1220-34), who pro- tected the rights of the episcopate against Pierre Mauclerc, Duke of Brittany, and wjis forced to go into exile for some time at Poitiers; Jean du Tillet

(1553-64), later Bishop of Meaux; and Denis de La Barde (1641-75).

Diocese of Tr^guier. — St. Tudgual, nephew of St. Brieuc, was appointed by the latter at the close of the fifth century, superior of the moniisterj^ of Treguier, which he had founded. The biography of St. Tudgual, composed after the middle of tlu> ninth centurj\ relates that King Childebert had him con- secrated Bishop of TrC>guier, but Mgr Duchesne holds that it was King Nomenoe who, in the middle of the ninth century, raised the monaster^' of Tr6- guier to the dignity of an episcopal see. The Dio- cese of Saint-Brieuc and Treguier pays special honour to the following saints: St. Jacut, first Abbot of

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The Cathedral, Saint-Brieuc

Landouart (died about 440); St. Mandez, member of a princely Irish family (sixth century); St. Briac, dis- ciple of St. Tudgual, founder of the monastery around which the town of Boulbriac grew up (sixth century) ; St. Osmanna, an Irish princess, who took refuge and died near Saint-Brieuc (seventh century); St. Maurice of Cornwall (1117-91), founder and first Abbot of Carnoet, in the Diocese of Quimper; St. Yves (1253-1303), born near Treguier, ecclesiastical judge of the Diocese of Rennes, then of the Diocese of Tr6gui(!r, where he gained the name of "advocate of the poor". He was patron of the lawyers' con- fraternity, erected at Paris in the church of St. Yves des Bretons. His tomb, destroyed during the Rev- olution, was re-erected in 1890 in the cathedral of Treguier, whither it draws many pilgrims. Numer- ous synods were held at Treguier in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, and passed important reg- ulations for the discipline of the Breton churches. Among the natives of the Diocese of Saint-Brieuc are: Duclos (b. 1704; d. 1772), the historian of Louis XI (b. at Dinan); Ernest Renan (b. atTr^-guicr 1823; d. 1892). The Benedictine historian Dom Lobineau died at the Abbey of St. Jacut, 1727. The town of La Roche Derrien, in the diocese, was the scene of the great battle between Jean de Monlford and Blessed Charies of Blois (1346), after which the latter was taken as ijrisoiicr to I'^ngland.

The principal pilgrimages in the Dioce.se of Saint- Brieuc are: Notre-Dame de Bon Secours at Guingamp the sanctuary of which was enriched by the munifi- cence of the Dukes of Brittany; Notre Dame d'Esp<^rance, at Saint-Brieuc, a pilgrimage dating* from 1848; Notre Dame de I>a Fontaine at Saint- Brieuc, dating from the establishment of an oratory by Saint-Brieuc, and revived in 1893 to encourage devotion to that saint; Notre Dame dc Guyaudet,