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New York, and have since opened convents in the Dioceses of Brooklyn, Cliicago, Denver, Los Angeles, Newark, Scranton, and Seattle. At tlie beginning of 1911 the institute had in the United States: 253 sis- ters; 11 schools \s-ith 4S50 pupils; 6 orphanages with 713 orphans; 2 hospitals with about 3520 patients an- nuaUy; and 1 dispensary where 21,630 persons were treated during the preceding years.

This congregation is to be distinguished from the Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, founded by Father Hubert Linckens, provincial of the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart, Hiltrup, near ^Iiinster, on 3 August, 1S99, and approved episco- pally in 1900. The latter sisters are engaged teach- ing in New Guiana, New Pomerania, and the Marshall Islands, in the districts confided to the care of the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart.

A. A. MacErlean.

Sacred Heart of Jesus, Missionaries of the (Issoudun). — A religious congregation of priests and lay brothers with the object of promoting the knowl- edge and practice of devotion to the Heart of Jesus, as embodied in the revelations of Our Lord to Blessed Margaret Marj' Alacoque, and of offering personal reparation to the Divine Heart. The society's motto is, "Ametur ubique terrarum Cor Jesu Sacra- tissimum" (Maj- the most Sacred Heart of Jesus be loved everj'where). It was founded at Issoudun, in the Archdiocese of Bourges, France, by the Abbe Jules Chevalier. Until very recent years the mother- house was in the above-named towTi, but since the separation of Church and State in France the society has its headquarters in Rome. The origin of the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart is closely connected with the Papal definition of the dogma of the Im- maculate Conception of the B. V. M., the means to lay their foundation being the outcome of special prayers addressed to the Mother of God during the nine days preceding the great religious event of 8 Dec, 1854. The founder had pledged himself to honour the Blessed Virgin in a special manner. He re- deemed his promise the following year by erecting a shrine dedicated to the honour of the Blessed Virgin under the title of "Our Lady of the Sacred Heart".

In 1864 an association of prayer was founded which has since been honoured with the official title of Uni- versal Archconfratemity of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart, and enriched with numerous indulgences. The central governing body is at Rome, with local directors in various countries. The official centre for the United States is at Watertown, New York; those for other Engli.sh-speaking countries are at Glaston- bury, Somerset, England; Sydney, New South Wales, and Cork, where the society's first hou.se in Ireland was founded, and an ecclesiastical college opened, in 1909.

On 2 Oct., 1867, an apostolic school was founded bv Fathc- Vandel at Chezal-Benoit in France, with twelve pupils. It grew and prospered, and in course ot time other similar institutions arose in difTerent countries. From the.se the priests of the society are chiefly recruited. The work is represented in the United States by St. Joseph's Apostolic School at Watertown, N. Y.

The pfr.s<^jnnel of the society is composed of 825 proffis,sf;d religious, with provincial houses in Italy, Germany, Holland, Australia, and a Provincial Superior residing in Paris, who rules over the dis- persed members of the French Province, and its establishments in Switzerland; Belgium; Canada — Quebr-c; Beauport, Province of Quebec; South Qu'Appelle, Medicine Hat, Saskatchewan, and North Cobalt, Ont.

The Fathers at Quebec direct the Archconfra- temity of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart, publish the

Annals, its monthly bulletin, and conduct five missions and retreats. They also have a public chapel. The novitiate for Canada and the States is at Beau- port. The other Canadian communities are engaged in parochial and missionary work. In England, besides Glastonbury, the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart have communities at St. Albans, Herfordshire, and at Braintree, Essex. They engage in parish work and act as chaplains.

In the United States the Society has communities at Watertowm, N. Y.; Natick, R. I.; Onawa, Iowa; Cazenovia and Sioux City, Wis., this last being a dependency of the German Province; the first four form an American Quasi-Province with head- quarters at Natick. In all these places the leathers have charge of parishes, except those at Sioux City, who preach missions, supplj^ the places of absent priests, and assist the clergy. The Natick community supplies chaplains to St. Joseph's Hospital for tuber- cular patients at Hills Grove, and to the Rhode Island State charitable and correctional institutions at Howard, Cranston, and Sackanosset.

For the past quarter of a century the efforts of the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart have been expended chiefly in foreign mission fields. On 1 Sept., 1881, three Fathers set out from Barcelona for the South Sea Islands at the request of Leo XIII, and es- tablished a station in New Britain — now New Pomerania. To-day the priests and brothers doing missionary work in divers islands and archipelagoes of the South Pacific number upward of 300, exclusive of the new mission lately opened in Mindanao, Philippine Islands — where thirty or more apostoUc labourers from the Dutch Province are already em- ployed — and the vast territory comprised in the dio- cese of Port Victoria and Palmerston, South Australia, in charge of Father F. X. Gsell as Administrator Apostolic, with residence at Port Darwin. The Bishop of Ponso-Alegre has just entrusted the direc- tion of his episcopal college to the congregation.

Chevalier, Le Sacri-Caeur de Jesus dans ses rapports avec Marie, ou Notre Dame du Sacre-Caeur (Paris, 18S4); Vaudon, Afgr Henry Verjus (Paris, 1899); CabriI;re, Le P. J(an Vandel (Issoudun, 1908); Album societatis missionariorum SSmi Cordis Jesu (Rome, 1911).

Z6PHYRIN P^LOQUIN.

Sacred Heart of Jesus, Society of the (Pac- canarists). — This society was founded by two young seminarists of Saint-Sulpire who had emigrated to Belgium during the French Revolution, Fran^ois- Eleonor de Tourndly and Prince Charles de Broglie, a son of the marshal. Their object was to form a society similar in all respects to the order founded by St. Ignatius Loyola. Their first residence was the old country house of the Louvain Jesuits, into which the community under Toum^ly entered 8 May, 1794, numbering four members. These four were the two founders and two young officers of the army of Cond6, Xavier de Tourndly, brother of the superior, and Pierre-Charles Le Blanc. The victory of the French forces at Fleurus (26 June, 1794) obliged them to leave Belgium just as they were joined by a recruit who was (lestined to play a part of great importance, Joseph Varin de Solmon, who had also been in the army of Cond6. The fugitives lived for some time at Leutershofen near Augsburg. In the church of the Benedictines at Augsburg, on 15 Oct., 1794, they consecrated themselves by a special vow to the Sacred Heart of Jesus and the Most Holy Heart of Mary, to continue the work they had begun, to offer themsfrlves to the sovereign pontiff, and to obey him as St. Ignatius and his companions had done. When it had to leave Augsburg, the Society of the Sacred Heart numbered sixteen subjects. It wandered about for some time in Southern Germany and several of its members, Father Varin among them, were ordained priests. At length, on Easter Tuesday,