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 RUYSCH

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RYAN

Arthuk, The Founders of the New Devotion (London, 1905); Bailue, Reflections from the Mirror of a Mystic (London, 1905); Scully, Life of Bl. John Ruyshroeck (London, 1910); Stoddart, Ruysbroeck and the Mystics by Maurice Maeterlinck (London, 1S94); UxDERHiLL, Mysticism (London, 1911); Auger, Etudes sur les Mystiques des Pays-Bas au moyen Age in Acad. Roy. de Belg.. torn, xh-i; Auger, De doctrina et meritis Joannis tan Ruysbroeck (Louvain, 1892) ; BorRGioNON, Le b. Jean Rusbrok (Li^ge, 1910) ; ExGELH.\RDT, Richard von St. Victor und Joannes Rusbroek (Er- langen, 1838); Fori, Vita e Dottrine del B. G. Rusbrochio (Rome, 1909); Gebson, Opera (Antwerp, 1708); Grube, Gerhard Groot und seine Stiftungen (Cologne, 1883); Hello, Ruysbroeck I' Ad- mirable (Paris, 1902) ; Maeterlinck, L'ornement des noces spiri- tuelles de Ruyshroeck l' Admirable (Brussels, 1908); Mierlo, arti- cles in Dietsche Warande en Belfort, Feb.-Nov. (Antwerp, 1910); MuLLEK, Jan ran Ruysbroeck, Van den VII Trappen (Brussels, 1911); Pensottus, Ordinis canonicorum historia tripartita (Co- logne, 1630); PoMERius, in Bollandists, torn. IV; Surius, Opera (Cologne, 1692); Thomas A Kempis, Opera (Freiburg, 1901); Ullmaxn, Reformatoren tor der Reformation (Hamburg, 1842); Vreese, Jean de Ruysbroeck (Brussels, 1909); Proces.<iu.t. anno 16 2^ . . . de rita et miraculis Ruysbrochii, in Mechlin archives; Decretum Mechlin confirmationis cuUils (Rome, 1909).

Vincent Scully.

Ruysch, John, astronomer, cartographer, and painter, b. at Utrecht about 1460; d. at Cologne, 1533. Little is knowTi of his early hfe. He became a secular priest, but joined the Benedictine Order in the monastery of St. Martin's at Cologne, where he made his' profession in 1492. He devoted himself to the study of astronomy and to painting, in which art he acquired much skill. He gave proof of his talent by decorating the refectory of the monastery with artistic designs, representing the lunar month and the signs of the zodiac. He went to Rome about 1508 and received a post in the pontifical palace. While here he pubhshed his famous map of the world entitled "Nova et universalior orbis cogniti tabula". It con- tains in particular the new Spanish and Portuguese discoveries in America. He assisted Raphael in his great paintings in the Vatican. Leaving Rome he journeyed to Portugal, where he became known to the king, who esteemed him highly on account of his knowledge of astronomy and cosmography, and made him astronomer to the fleet. He finally returned to Cologne and spent his last years in the monastery of his profession. He possessed considerable mechanical skill, and left a number of astronomical instruments of his own construction. He was also the author of the "Admonitiones ad spirituaha trahentes", which he wrote in 1494, and of a treatise on the mixing of colours and on painting on canvas.

HoLTHAUsEN, Chronicon Breve Sti Martini apud Ubios (about 155G); Hartzheim, Bibliotheca Coloniensis (1746).

Henry M. Brock.

Ryan, Abram J., the poet^priest of the South, b. at Norfolk, Va., 15 Aug., 1839; d. at Louisville, Ky., 22 April, 1886. He inherited from his parents, in its most poetic and religious form, the strange witchery of the Iri.sh temper. Fitted for the priesthood by a nature at once mystic and spiritual, he was ordained just before the beginning of the Civil War, entered the Confederate army as a chaplain, and served in this capacity until the end of the war. In the hour of defeat he won the heart of the entire South by his "Conquered Banner," whose exquisite measure was taken, as he told a friend, from one of the Gre- gorian hymns. The Marseillaise, as a hymn of victory, never more profoundly stirred the heart of Trance than did this hymn of defeat the hearts of those U) whom it was addressed. It was read or sung in every Southern household, and thus became the apothwjsis of the "Ivost Cause". While much of his later war poetry was notable in its time, his first effort, which fixed his fame, was his finest production. The only other themes upon which he sang were those inspired by religious feeling. Among his poems of that class are to be found bits of the most weird and exquisite imagery. Within the limits of the Southern Confederacy and the Catholic Church in the Unit*;*! States, no ix>et was more popular. After the war he

exercised the ministry in New Orleans, and was editor of "The Star," a Catholic weekly; later he founded "The Banner of the South" in Augusta, Ga., a reh- gious and political weekly; then he retired to Mobile. In 1880 he lectured in several Northern cities. As a pulpit orator and lecturer, he was always interesting and occasionally brilliant. As a man he had a subtle, fascinating nature, full of magnetism when he saw fit to exert it; as a priest, he was full of tenderness, gentleness, and courage. In the midst of pestilence he had no fear of death or disease. Even when he was young his feeble body gave him the appearance of age, and with all this there was the dream j' mysti- cism of the poet so manifest in the flesh as to impart to his personality something which marked him oflf from all other men. His " Poems, Patriotic, Religious, and Miscellaneous" have reached a twenty-fourth edition.

Rutherford, The South in Hist, and Lit. (.\tlanta, 1907); Manly, Southern Lit. (Richmond, 1895); Irish Monthly, xix (Dublin, 029).

Hannis Taylor. Ryan, James. See Alton, Diocese op.

Ryan, Patrick John, sixth Bishop and second Archbishop of Philadelphia, b. at Thurles, County Tipperary, Ireland, 20 February, 1831; d. at Phila- delphia, 11 February, 1911. His early education was received at the school of the Christian Brothers in his native town. In his twelfth year he entered the select school of Mr. J. L. Naughton, Richmond Street, Dublin, where he began his Classical studies. In 1844, while a pupil at Mr. Naughton's school, he headed a delegation of students, and in their name made an address to Daniel O'Connell, then a prisoner in Richmond Bridewell Prison. It is said that the great Liberator complimented the young speaker, and predicted a brilliant future for him. In 1847 he was adopted for the Diocese of St. Louis in the United States by Archbishop Peter Richard Kenrick, and entered St. Patrick's College, Carlow. In 1852 he finished his course and was advanced to deacon's orders, but being too young to be ordained priest, he set out for St. Louis with Rev. Patrick Feehan, a subject of the same diocese, and afterward Arch- bishop of Chicago, and on his arrival was appointed to teach in the Diocesan Seminary at Carondelet. On account of his exceptional ability as a public speaker. Archbishop Kenrick permitted the young deacon to preach frequently in the cathedral. His fame went forth at once, and he drew large audiences, made up not only of the regular members of the congregation, but of the most prominent people of all denominations from various parts of the city and more distant points. On 8 September, 1853, by special dispensation, he was ordained priest and was appointed assistant rector at the cathedral. He served there as assistant and as rector until 1861, when he was appointed to build the Church of the Annunciation at St. Louis. Having completed this task promptly and successfully, he was transferred to the rectorship of St. John's parish at St. Louis. During all these years he was noted for his zeal in the work of the ministry, for his faithfulness in attending the military prisoners in Gratiot Street Pri.son during the Civil War, for the frequency and effect ivcnc.s.s of his sermons, and for the large number of converts, many of them persons of note, who by his influence were brought into the Church.

In 1866 he attended the Second Plenary Council of Baltimore as one of Archbishop Kenrick's theo- logians, and was one of three priests chosen to j)r('ach on that occasion, the others being Arclil)iKhop John Lancaster Spalding, and the late Rev. Isaac Hecker, C.S.P. In 1868 he spent a year in Europe with Archbishop Kenrick. His fame as an orator had preceded him, and he received calls from all sides. At Rome, at the request of Pope Pius IX, he deliv-