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 ROCHET

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ROCHETTE

under Mother Hioronynio for some twenty years under the name of The Home of Industry which then was changed into a home for the aged. The location did not prove desirable for such an institution, and S65,000 having been raised by a bazaar, Bishop McQuaid was enabled to erect St. Anne's Home for the Aged, admitting men as well as women.

(3) The s])iritvial needs of another class of the des- titute, the Cutholic inmates of public eleemosynary and iienal inst il ut ions in t he diocese, appealed strongly to Bishop McQuaid, who at once became their cham- pion in the endeavour to have their religious rights re- spected according to the guarantee of the Constitution of the State of New York. His agitation in this noble cause was crowned with success, and the State sup- ports to-ilay chaplains at the State Industrial School, Industry, at the State Reformatory, Elmira, at the Craig (jolony (state hosjntal for epileptics), Sonyea, at the Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, Bath, while the county maintains a chaplain in Rochester for its public institutions of this kind. (4) The Catholic sick have one of the largest and best equipped hos- pitals in Rochester at their disposal in St. Mary's Hosjiital, established by the Sisters of Charity under Mother Hieronymo in 1857. The Sisters of Mercy ha\e charge of St. James Hospital in Hornell, and of late years the Sisters of St. Joseph have also opened a hospital in Elmira.

Statistics. — Priests, 163 (6 Redemptorists) ; churches with resident priests, 94; missions with churches, 36; chapels, 18; parishes with parochial schools, 54 with 20,189 pupils; academies for young ladies, 2 with 470 pupils (Nazareth, 352; Sacred Heart, 118); theological seminary for secular clergy, 1 with 234 students (73 for the Diocese of Rochester; preparatory seminary, 1 with 80 students; orphan asylums, 3 with 438 orphans (St. Patrick's, Girls', 119, St. Mary's Boys', 204; St. Joseph's, 115); Home for the Aged, 1 with 145 inmates (men, 25); hospitals, 3 with 3115 inmates during year (St. Mary's, Rochester, 2216; St. Joseph's, Elmira, 463; St. James, Hornell, 436); Catholics, 142,263.

Cone. Ball. Plen. II acta et decreUi; Acta S. Sedis, III; Leonis XIII .\cUi xti, xxi; Catholic Directory (1868-1911); McQuaid: Diaries (fragmentary); Idem, Pastorals in Annual Coll. for Eccl. StwlerUs (1871-1911); Idem, Pastoral (Jubilee) (1875); Idem, Pastoral (Visitation) (1878); Idem, Our American Seminaries in Am. Eccl. Rev. (May, 1897), reprint in Smith, The Training of a Priest, pp. xxi-xxxix; Idem, The Training of a Seminary Professor in Smith, op. cit., pp. .327-35; Idem, Christian Free Schools (1892), a reprint of lectures; Idem, Kelif/ion in Schools in North Am. Rev. (April, 1881) ; Idem, Religious Teaching in Schools in Forum (Dec, 1889) ; Reports of Conferences hell by parochial teachers (1904-10).

Frederick J. Zwierlein.

Rochet, an over-tunic usually made of fine white linen (cambric; fine cotton material is also allowed), and reaching to the knees. While bearing a general resemblance to the surplice, it is distinguished from that vestment by the shape of the sleeves; in the surplice these are at least fairly wide, while in the rochet fhey are always tight-fitting. The rochet is decorated with lace or embroidered borders — broader at the hern and narrower on the sleeves. To make the ye^-tmcnt entirely of tulle or lace is inconvenient, as m the inordinate use of jjlaits; in both cases, the vest- ment becfjmes too efTeminate. The roch(!t is not a vestment pertaining to all clerics, like the surplice; it is distinctive of jjrelates, and may be worn by other ecclesiast ifs only when (as, e. g., in the case of cathe- dral chapters) the usuh rochelti has been granted them by a special papal indult. That the rochet possesses no liturgifiil character is clear both from the Decree of Urban VII i)refixed to the Roman Missal, and from an express deciwion of tlie Congregation of Rites (10 Jan., 1S.52), which dechires llial, in the administra- tirm of the sacraments, the rochet may not be xm'.d a8 a vfiiliK Harm; in the administration of the sacra- nicnts, as well oh at the conferring of the tonsure and the minor orders, iise should be made of the surplice

(cf. the decisions of 31 May, 1817; 17 Sept., 1722; 16 April, 1831). However, as the rochet may be used by the properly privileged persons as choir-dress, it may be included among the liturgical vestments in the broad sense, like the biretta or the cappa mogna. Prelates who do not belong to a religious order, should wear the rochet over the soutane during Mass, in so far as this is convenient.

The origin of the rochet may be traced from the clerical (non-liturgical) alhn or camisia, that is, the clerical linen tunic of everyday life. It was thus not originally distinctive of the higher ecclesiastics alone. This camisia appears first in Rome as a privileged vest- ment; that this was the case in the Christian capital

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as early as the ninth century is established by the St. Gall catalogue of vestments. Outside of Rome the rochet remained to a great extent a vestment common to all clerics until the fourteenth century (and even longer); according to various German synodal statutes of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries (Trier, Passau, Cambrai, etc.), it was worn even by sacristans. The Fourth Lateran Council prescribed its use for bishops who did not belong to a religious order, both in the church and on all public appearances. The name rochet (from the medieval roccus) was scarcely in use before the thirteenth cen- tury. It is first met outside of Rome, wiiere, until the fifteenth century, the vestment was called camisia, alba romana, or succa (subta). These nanu^s gradually yielded to rochet in Rome also. Originally, t he rochet reached, like the liturgical alb, to the feet, and, even in the fifteenth century still reached to the shins. It was not reduced to its present length until the seventeenth century.

Braun, Die lilurg. Gewandung im Occident u. Orient (Freiburg, 1907), 125 Bqq.; Bock, Gesch. der lilurg. Gewdnder, II (Bonn, 1860), 329 sqq.; Rohault de Fleury, La Messe, VII (Paris, 1888).

Joseph Braun.

Rochette, DfisiR^ Raoul, usually known as Raoul-Rochette, a French archaeologist, b. at St- Amand (Cher), 9 March, 1789; d. in Paris, 3 June, 18.54. His father was a physician. He made his classical studi(\s in the lyceum of Bourges, and then took up post-graduate work in the Ecole Normalc Sup6rieure in Paris. In 1810, he obtained a chair of grammar in the; lyc(!um Louis-le-Cirand, and in the same year, married the daughter of the celebrated sculptor Houdon. Three years later, he was awarded a prize by the Institute for his "M^moire sur les C'olonies Cirecques". In 1815, he became lecturer at the Ecole Normale and succeeded Guizot in the chair of modern history at the Sorbonne. It has been often said that lie owed his rapid advancement only to favouritism, because of his devotion to the ruling power; this is not entirely true. He was a real scholar whose deep knowledge of archirology was admired even by his political enemies. He was elected