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 RITES

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RITES

or clerics who are members of the Third Order. The order has also its own ritual and ceremonial for its receptions, professions, etc.

CcBrem. Romano-Seraph. (Quaracchi, 1908) ; Rit. Romano-Seraph. (Quaracchi, 1910); Prom ptuarium Seraph. (Quaracchi, 1910).

Ferdinand Heckmann.

Friars Minor Capuchin Rite. — The Friars Minor Capuchin use the Roman Rite, except that in the Confiteor the name of their founder, St. Francis, is added after the names of the Apostles, and in the suffrages they make commemorations of St. Francis and all saints of their order. The use of incense in the conventual mass on certain solemnities, even though the Mass is said and not sung, is another liturgical custom (recently sanctioned by the Holy See) peculiar to their order. Generally speaking, the Capuchins do not have sung Masses except in parochial churches, and except in these churches they may not have organs without the minister general's permission. By a Decree of the Sacred Congregation of Rites, 14 May, 1890, the minister general, when celebrating Mass at the time of the canonical visitation and on solemnities, has the privi- leges of a domestic prelate of His Holiness. In regard to the Divine Office, the Capuchins do not sing it according to note but recite it in monotone. In the larger communities they generally recite Matins and Lauds at midnight, except on the three last days of Holy Week, when Tenebra? is chanted on the preceding evening, and during the octaves of Corpus Christ i and the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, when matins are recited also on the preceding evening with the Blessed Sacrament exposed. Every day after Complin they add, extra-liturgically, commemorations of the Immaculate Conception, St. Francis, and St. An- thony of Padua. On the feast of St. Francis after second Vespers they observe the service called the "Transitus" of St. Francis, and on all Saturdays, ■ except feasts of first and second class and certain privileged feria; and octaves, all Masses said in their churches are votive in honour of the Immaculate Conception, excepting only the conventual mass. They follow the universal calendar, with the addition of feasts proper to their order. These additional feasts include all canonized saints of the whole Franciscan Order, all heali of the Capuchin Reform and the more notable heati of the whole order; and every year the 5th of October is observed as a com- memoration of the departed members of the order in the same way as the 2nd of November is observed in the universal Church. Owing to the great number of feasts thus observed, the Capuchins have the privilege of transferring the greater feasts, when necessary, to days marked semi-double. According to the ancient Constitutions of the Order, the Capu- chins T'/ere not allowed to use vestments of rich tex- ture, not even of silk, but by Decree of the Sacred Congregation of Rites, 17 December, 1888, they must now conform to the general laws of the Church in this matter. They are, however, still obliged to main- tain severe simplicity in their churches, especially when non-parochial.

Ceremoniale Ord. Cap.; Analecta Ord. Cap.; Constil. ord. (Rome).

Father Cuthbert.

Premonstratensian Rite. — The Xorbertine rite differs from the Roman in the celebration of the Sacri- fice of the Mass, in the Divine Office, and in the administration of the Sacrament of Penance. (1) Sacrifice of the Mass. — The Missal is proper to the order and is not arranged like the Roman Missal. The canon is identical, with the exception of a slight variation as to the time of making the sign of the cross with the paten at the "Libera nos". The music for the Prefaces etc. differs, though not con- siderablv, from that of the Roman Missal. Two

alleluias are said after the "Ite missa est" for a week after Easter; for the whole of the remaining Paschal time one alleluia is said. The rite for the celebration of feasts gives the following grades: three classes of triples, two of doubles, celebre, nine lessons, three lessons. No feasts are celebrated during privileged octaves. There are so many feasts lower than double that usually no privilege is needed for votive Masses. The rubrics regulating the various feasts of the year are given in the "Ordinarius seu liber ca?remoniarum canonici ordinis Pra;monstratensis". Rubrics for the special liturgical functions are found in the Missal, the Breviary, the Diurnal, the Pro- cessional, the Gradual, and the Antiphonary.

(2) Divine Office.— The Breviary differs from the Roman Breviary in its calendar, the manner of recit- ing it, arrangement of matter. Some saints on the Roman calendar are omitted. The feasts peculiar to the Norber tines are: St. Godfried, C, 16 Jan.; St. Evermodus, B. C, 17 Feb.; Bl. Frederick, Abbot, 3 Mar.; St. Ludolph, B. M., 29 Mar.; Bl. Herman Joseph, C, 7 Apr.; St. Isfrid, B. C, 15 June; Sts. Adrian and James, MM., 9 July; Bl. Hrosnata, M., 19 July, 19; Bl. Gertrude, V., 13 Aug.; Bl. Bronislava, V., 30 Aug.; St. Gilbert, Abbot, 24 Oct.; St. Siardus, Abbot, 17 Nov. The feast of St. Nor- bert, founder of the order, which falls on 6 June in the Roman calendar, is permanently transferred to 1 1 July, so that its solemn rite may not be interfered with by the feasts of Pentecost and Corpus Christi. Other feasts are the Triumph of St. Norbert over the sacramentarian heresy of Tanchelin, on the third Sunday after Pentecost, and the Translation of St. Norbert commemorating the translation of his body from Magdeburg to Prague, on the fourth Sunday after Easter. Besides the daily recitation of the canonical hours the Norbertines are obliged to say the Little Office of the Blessed Virgin, except on triple feasts and during octaves of the first class. In choir this is said immediately after the Divine Office. (3) Administration of the Sacrament of Penance. — The form of absolution is not altogether in harmony with that of the Roman Ritual. The following is the Norbertine formula: "Dominus nos- ter Jesus Christus te absolvat, et ego auctoritate ipsius, mihi licet indignissimo concessa, absolvo te in primis, a vinculo excommunicationis ... in quan- tum po.ssum et indiges", etc.

The liturgical books of the Norbertines were re- printed by order of the general chapter, held at Premontre, in 1738, and presided over by Claude H. Lucas, abbot-general. A new edition of the Missal and the Breviary was issued after the General Chapter of Prague, in 1890. In 1902 a committee was appointed to revise the Gradual, Antiphonary, etc. This committee received much encouragement in its work by the Motu Proprio of Pius X on church music. The General Chapter of Tepl, Austria, in 1908, decided to edit the musical books of the order as prepared, in accordance with ancient MSS. by this committee. G. Rybrook.

Servite Rite. — The Order of Servites (see Ser- vants OF Mary) cannot be said to possess a separate or exclusive rite similar to the Dominicans and others, but follows the Roman Ritual, as provided in its constitutions, with very slight variations. De- votion towards the Mother of Sorrows being the prin- cipal distinctive characteristic of the order, there are special prayers and indulgences attaching to the solemn celebration of the five major Marian feasts, namely, the Annunciation, Visitation, Assumption, Presentation, and Nativity of our Blessed Lady.

The feast of the Seven Dolours of the Blessed Virgin Mary, celebrated always on the Third Sunday of September, has a privileged octave and is en- richea with a plenary indulgence ad instar Por-