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 REMIGinS

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REMUZAT

several bishops of the Franks and Alemanni and great numbers of the Frankish army. Clovis granted Remigius stretches of territory, in which the latter established and endowed many churches. He erected, with the papal consent, bishoprics at Toumai; Cambrai; Terouanne, where he ordained the first bishop in 499; Arras, where he placed St. Waast; Laon, which he gave to his nephew Gunband. The authors of "Gallia Christiana" record numerous and munificent donations made to St. Remigius by mem- bers of the Frankish nobility, which he presented to the cathedral at Reims. In 517 he held a synod, at which after a heated discussion he converted a bishop of Arian views. In 523 he wrote congratulating Pope Hormisdas upon his election. St. Medardus, Bishop of Noyon, was consecrated by him in 530. Although St. Remigius's influence over people and prelates was extraordinarj-, yet upon one occasion, the history of which has come down to us, his course of action was attacked. His condonement of the offences of one Claudius, a priest, brought upon him the re- bukes of his episcopal brethren, who deemed Claudius deserving of degradation. The reply of St. Remigius, which is still extant, is able and convincing (of. Labbe, "Concilia", IV). His relics were kept in the ca- thedral of Reims, whence Hincmar had them trans- lated to Epernay during the period of the invasion by the Northmen, thence, in 1099, at the instance of Leo IX, to the Abbey of Saint-Remy. His sermons, so much admired by Sidonius Apollinaris (lib. IX, cap. Ixx), are not extant. Of his other works we have four letters, the one containing his defence in the matter of Claudius, two written to Clovis, and a fourth to the Bishop of Tongres. According to sev- eral biographers, the Testament of St. Remigius is apocryphal; Mabillon and Ducange, however, argue for its authenticity. The attribution of other works to St. Remigius, particularly a commentary upon St. Paul's Epistles, is entirely without foundation.

Ada. Sand. I October, 59-187; Hist. lUt. France. Ill (Paris. 1735), 155-163; de Ceriziers. Les heureux commencements de la France chretienne sous St Remi (Reims. 1633); Marlot, Tombeau de St Remi (Reims, 1647); Dorigny, Vie de St Remi (Paris, 1714) ; AUBERT, Vie de St Remi (Paris, 1849) ; Meter, Notice de deux MSS. de la vie de St Remi in Notes et extraits de MSS., XXXV (Paris, 1895), 117-30; d'Avenat, St. Remi de Reims (Lille, 1896); Caruer, Vie de St Remi (Tours, 1896).

Joseph Dedieu.

Remigius of Auxerre, a Benedictine monk, b. about the middle of the ninth century; d. 908. Remi- gius, or Remi, was a disciple of the Irish teacher Dunchad of Reims, author of a treatise on astronomy, and of Eric, or Heirich, who was himself a disciple of Eriugena. He taught at the monastery of St-Ger- main, Auxerre, in Paris, and at Reims. He is the author of a number of glossaries and marginal com- mentaries on the Bible, on the grammar of Priscian, the "Opuscula Sacra" of Boethius, and the "De Nuptiis etc.", of Martianus Capella. He also wrote a theological treatise, " Ennarationes in Psalmos". As a teacher, Remigius interested himself in the prob- lem of universals, and seems to have attempted a compromise between the extreme Realism of Eriugena and the Anti-Realism of his teacher, Eric. He also investigated the problem of the origin of the universe and gave a Christian interpretation to the passages in which Martianus speaks of the invisible world of ideas. His glosses are of very great interest to the student of medieval Latin philology.

De Wulf, Hist, of Medieval Phil., tr. Coffey (New York, 1909), 155; Haur^au, Hist, de la phil. seal. I (Paris, 1879), 199 eqq.; Turner, Hist, of Phil. (Boston, 1903), 262 sqq.; Rand. Johannes Scottus (Munich, 1906), 15 sqq.

William Turner.

Remiremont, \'osges, France, monastery and nunnery of the Rule of St. Benedict, founded by Sts. Romaricus and Amatus in 620, on hills above the site where the town now stands, whence the name Roniarici Mons, Remiremont. The monastery be-

came a priory of the Canons Regular of St. Augustine who, in 1623, gave it to the Benedictines of the Con- gregation of St. Vannes. It had, in 1768, 10 monks and a revenue of 5500 livres. During three cen- turies, the nunnery was a neighbour of the monastery, but, in 910, as the Huns were wasting the country, the nuns, with the help of the Emperor Louis III, constructed a fortified convent in the valley. About this convent the town of Remiremont rose, and the relics of Sts. Romaricus and Amatus were transported from the monastery to the convent. Leo IX en- riched it with other numerous relics. In 1057 the convent was destroyed by fire and the nuns were dis- persed; though rebuilt later it no longer strictly observed the Rule of St. Benedict. In 1284, the Emperor Rudolph married there the Princess Ehza- beth and, in 1290, gave to the abbess the title of a princess of the empire. In the beginning of the sixteenth century discipline was lax and the nuns, without the pope's consent, declared themselves canonesses. They did not take the vows and ad- mitted only novices who could give proof of noble descent. Catharine III of Lorraine tried to reform the convent, but failed. Anna of Lorraine rebuilt the convent in 1752. It was suppressed, as was the monastery, during the French Revolution.

Gallia Christiana. XIII (Paris. 1785), 1416; Mabillon, Lettre touchant le premier instittU de rabbaye de R. (Paris, 16S7) ; GuiNOT, Etude historique sur Vabbaye de R. (Paris, 1S59); Duhamel, Rela- tion des empereurs et des dues de Lorraine au I'abbaye de R. (Epinal, 1866): DE LA Rall.\te, Le chapitre noble de R. in Revue du monde catholique (18S9); Molinier, Obit. Franc. (Paris. 1890). 219.

Joseph Dedieu. Remonstrants. See Arminianism

Remuzat, Anne-Madeleine, Venerable, b. at Marseilles, 29 Nov., 1696; d. 15 Feb., 17.30. At nine years of age she asked her parents to be allowed to enter the convent of the Visitation; the request was granted. From 1708 she began to experience severe sufferings which, during her whole life, she bore patiently for the salvation of souls. In 1709 her parents withdrew her, but in 1711 she re-entered the convent and on 23 Jan., 1713, made her profession. At this time she applied herself to prayer, and the "Spiritual Retreat" written then is a proof of her progress in the con- templative life. She experienced on 17 Oct., 1713, a "particular and extraordinary" revelation of Jesus "concerning the glory of his Sacred Heart". As the repute of her sanctity became known, Anne-Madeleine was consulted by many, and was thus the means of spreading devotion to the Sacred Heart. Her in- fluence actuated ISIgr de Belsunce to establish at Marseilles the Association of Perpetual Adoration of the Sacred Heart, of which she wrote the statutes. As Jansenism and a spirit of moral laxity had then invaded the town Anne-Madeleine suffered keenly, and in reparation inflicted on her body continual mortifications; when her superiors interdicted these austerities, she begged Our Lord to mortify her him- self; and from that day she went into a painful de- cline, while her soul was abandoned to temptations. In 1720, during the plague at Marseilles, Our Lord enjoined her to institute a feast in honour of the Sacred Heart, which Mgr de Belsunce established on 22 Oct., 1720. From 1722 the veneration of the Sacred Heart spread throughout Provence, Lyons, Rouen, Constantinople, Cairo, Spain, Louisiana, Persia, Syria, and the Indies by her endeavours. In 1888 her cause was submitted to the Sacred Con- gregation, whose favourable vote was given on IS Dec, 1890. Leo XIII signed on 24 Dec, 1891, the introduction of the cause of the Venerable servant of God.

Vie de la trh honorie S(tur Anne-^fafi€leine Remuzat (Mar- seilles, 1760) ; Vie de Sceur Anne- Maddcine Remuzai (Mar- seilles. 1868): La V&n^ahk A, M. Remuzat (Lyons. 1S94); Lepin; Vld^e du sacrifice dans la rtligion chretienne (Paris,

1897). 406-12. Joseph Dedipo.

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