Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 12.djvu/800

 REGINA

718

REGINA

of Countess Matilda (1165) the popes claimed the town as a part of her inheritance, while the emperors claimed the same as a fief of the Empire. Pending these disputes the town was governed in a communal way; at first they had consuls and in 1156 they had a bailiff, named mostly by the emperor. Reggio took part, in the wars between the Lombard cities, es- pecially against Mantua and Milan. It was mostly on the side of the Ghibellines, although in 1167 it entered the Lombard League and in 1193 the league against Henry VI. After the misfortune of Frederick II, the powerful Pico, Fogliani, Carpineti, and Corcglio were disputing the ma.stery of the city, which fell into the hands of Obizzo d'Este, Lord of Ferrara, but revolted against his son Azzo VIII (1306), be- came again a commune, accepted the vicars of Henry VII and Louis the Bavarian; was subject to the pope under Cardinal Bertrand du Poyet (1322); and later (1331), John of Bohemia, who recognized the suzer- ainty of the pope over Reggio as well as over Parma and"Modena, was made lord of the city, but sold it to the Fogliani, from whom it passed to the Gonzaga of Mantua (1335), who sold it to Galeazzo Viseonti of Milan. In 1409 it returned again to the House of Este of the line of Modena, until 1S59. The popes, however, always claimed to be its suzerains. After the Ferrara War, Reggio spontaneously submitted to Julius II (1512-15). By the Peace of Barcelona (1529) Charles V bound himself to give back Reggio to the popes, but he did not do so. In 1848 Reggio proclaimed its annexation to Piedmont, completed in 1859. Christianity entered Reggio probably from Ravenna; a local legend makes the first bishop St. Protasius, a disciple of St. Apollinaris, in the Apostolic age. Admitting his existence, also five or six his- torical bishops, predecessors of Faventius in 451, it would seem that the episcopal see dates from the first half of the fourth century. St. Prosper was the successor of Faventius; he died between 461 and 467. Among other bishops were: Thomas (c. 701), Nodo- berto, ambassador of Louis the Pious at Constan- tinople (817); Azzo II, murdered during the Hun- garian invasion in 900; Thenzo (978), who rebuilt the Basilica of St. Prosper and other churches; Nicold Maltraversi (1211), much praised by the chronicler Salimbene and often ambassador to Frederick II; Enrico de Casalocci (1302); Battista Pallavicini (1445), the sacred poet; Marcello Cer- vini (1540), later Pope Marcellus II; Cardinal Alessandro d'E.ste (1621); Angelo M. FicareUi (1821), who repaired the damages of the revolution.

The diocese has 246 parishes, 531 secular priests, 175,600 inhabitants; 4 houses of monks with 29 priests; 11 houses of nuns, 5 educational institutions for boys and 13 for girls, and a Catholic weekly.

University op Reggio. — Reggio was recognized as a sludium generate as early as 1210; and a doc- toral diploma of 1276 has been preserved, showing that there were a regular College of Doctors, regular examinations, and a UyiiversUas scholarium (Tacoli, "Memorie storiche di Reggio", pt. Ill, Carpi, 1769, 21.5-16). But at the beginning of the fourteenth century there was no longer a single doctor in the city; and the studium generale had e\'idently lap.sed before this.

Cappelletti. Le Chiese d' Italia. XV; Saccani, I Vescovi di Reooio (Reggio, 1902); Chroniconregiensein Mitratori, Rer. ital.,

XVIII. U. Beniqni.

Regina, Diocese op (Reginensis), a newly created (4 March, 1910) ecclesiastical division, com- prising the southern part of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan, as far north as the 30th township, or about 51° 30' lat. The Catholic population amounts to 58,771, of whom 19, .563 are of French descent, 16,318 Germans, about 13,000 Galicians following the Ruthenian Rite, 47.59 English-speaking, 2312 Poles, and 1819 Hungarians. The rest arc of various nation-

alities, and comprise about 1000 Catholic Indians. Fifty-nine priests (43 French, 15 German and 1 Scotch) attend to their spiritual needs. The regular clergy is represented by the Oblates of Mary Immac- ulate, the pioneers in the country, the Missionaries of La Sallette and those of Iseoudun, France, the Re- demptorists, and the Sons of Mary Immaculate. Nuns of five different orders either teach in the schools or serve the sick in the hospital founded last year at Regina. Besides its primary or parochial schools, there are five academies and three Indian boarding schools, the most important of which is that founded (1884) in the Qu'Appelle valley by the Rev. Jos. Hugonard, O.M.I., who still directs it. Six trades are taught, in addition to the curriculum of the schools.

The same Qu'Appelle valley was the cradle of the new diocese, Fort Qu'Appelle being its only settlement until Father J. N. Ritchot established (1865) a mission at what is now Lebret. Then fol- lowed a few other missionary stations for the Indians, around which the development of the country conse- quent on a Government system of intense immigration has clustered the numerous centres of white popula- tion now extant, chief among which are Regina, the capital of the province, Moosejaw, Swift Current, and Yorkton, the headquarters of a large Galician colony.

Mgr. Olivier E. Matthieu, ex-rector of Laval Uni- versity, Quebec, was appointed (14 July, 1911) first bishop.

See archives of the Archdiocese of St. Boniface.

A. G. MoRicE.

Regina Coeli (Queen of Heaven), the opening words of the Eastertide anthem of the Blessed Virgin, the recitation of which is prescribed in the Roman Breviary from Compline of Holy Saturday until None of the Saturday after Pentecost inclusively. In choro, the anthem is "to be sung standing. In illustration of the view that the anthem forms a "syntonic strophe", that is, one depending on the accent of the word and not the quantity of the syllable, Albin prints it ("La poesie du breviaire", Lyons, s. d., p. 102) as follows: Regina cceh laetare.

Alleluia, Quia quern meruisti portare-

Alleluia,

Resurrexit

Sicut dixit,

Alleluia. Ora pro nobis Deum.

Alleluia. In the first two verses ("Regina" and "Quia") the accent falls on the second, fourth, and seventh sylla- bles (the word quia being counted as a single syllable) ; in the second two verses ("Resurrexit", "Sicut dixit"), on the first and the third syllables. The Alleluia serves as a refrain. Of unknown authorship, the anthem has been traced back to the twelfth cen- tury. It w;is in Franciscan use, after Compline, in the first half of the following century. Together with the other Marian anthems, it was incorporated in the Minorite-Roman Curia Office, which, by the activity of the Franciscans, was soon popularized everywhere, and which, by the order of Nicholas III (1277-80), replaced all the older Office-books in all the churches of Rome. Batiffol ("History of the Roman Brevi- ary", tr., London, 1898, pp. 158-228) admits that "we owe a just debt of gratitude to those who gave us the antiphons of the Blessed Virgin" (p. 225), which he considers "four exquisite compositions, though in a style enfeebled by sentimentality" (p. 218). The anthems are indeed exquisite, although (as may appropriately be noted in this connexion) they run through the gamut of medieval literary style, from the classical hexameters of the "Alma Redemp- toris Mater" through the richly-rhymed accentual rhythm and regular strophes of the "Ave Regina