Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 12.djvu/711

 RAINALDUCCI

635

RALE

ter at Miinster, but declined the See of Hildesheim. As a member of the embassy sent by Frederick I in 1153 to Eugenius III at Rome he first revealed his political abihty, and in 1156 the emperor appointed him chancellor of the empire. The Diet of Besan^on (October, 1157) left no doubt as to the drift of his policy. He inaugurated a German policy which in- sisted upon the rights and the power of the German kings, the strengthening of the Church in the German Empire, the lordship of Italy, and the humiliation of the papacy. Full of life, at times rough and blunt and again careful and calculating, Rainald, who, in spite of his ecclesiastical dignities, knew how to wield the sword, henceforth influenced the policy of his imperial masters. Though he did not wish to separate Germany entirely from Rome and still held the medieval respect for the Church, his temperament carried Barbarossa much further than the latter de- sired, or than was advantageous under the circum- stances. When Frederick finally submitted, it was Rainald who prevented him from making concessions which might have proved of advantage. The struggle with the curia began at the Diet of Besanqon, where Rainald vigorously rejected the use of the word benefi- cium, which might mean fief as well as benefit. In the expression used, that the pope would have been glad to grant the emperor even greater beneficia (or benefits), it was thought that the old desire of the curia for the mastery of the world was to be found. In 1158 Rainald undertook a diplomatic journey into Italy to prepare the way for the emperor. In 1159 he was appointed Archbishop of Cologne, and during the schism between Alexander III and Victor IV sup- ported the imperial pope. In 1160 he was the am- bassador of the emperor to the courts of the French and English kings, whom he endeavoured to win to the side of the antipope, but he did not succeed. In 1161 ho joined the emperor before Milan and in- fluenced him to consent to the destruction of the city. Rainald was also employed in diplomatic negotiations with Genoa, Pisa, and Louis VII; these, however, failed. In 1163 Alexander III excommunicated Rainald, who had loudly proclaimed in these negotia- tions the right of the emperor to dispose of the papal see. Basing his action on the Roncalian decrees, Rainald was once more successfully employed in Italy in the affairs of the emperor. When Victor IV died, Rainald, of his own volition and without waiting for the consent of the emperor, elected at Lurca a new antipope. Paschal III. Frederick would hardly have continued the schism. Rainald knew this and there- fore wished to force the emperor to continue the stniggle for imperial supremacy. In 1164 he was again in Germany, and brought the bones of the Three Kings with him. In the meantime the number of the adherents of the lawful pope increased in Germany. Finally only Rainald supported the antipope. Rai- nald won the consent of the King of England to com- mon ecclesiastico-political action in behalf of Paschal and once more took up arms in defence of his one am- bition, which he hoped the proposed canonization of Charlemagne at Aachen in 1165 would advance. In 1166 h(! was again in Italy, actively engaged in pre- paring the way for the emperor. While there with a few mounted soldiers he defended himself in Tus- culum against a much larger force of Roman troops. His death was caused by the pest; he was buried in the Lady Chapel of the cathedral at Cologne.

FiCKER, RninnUl von Dassel, Reichskanzler u. Erzbxschof von K'itn (Cologne, 18.W); H.\mpk, Deutsche Kaisergeachichte in der Zeit der Salier u. SUtufer (Leipzig. 1900); H.vuck, Kirchenge- schichle Dciil.ichlands, pt. iv (Leipzig, 1903).

F. Kampers.

Rainalducci, PrETRO, Antipope. See John XXII, Pope.

Rajpootana, Prefecture Apostolic of, in India, attached tf) the Province of Agra, comprises ap-

proximately the collection of Native States which form the Rajpootana Agency. To the north it is bounded by the Bahawalpur State and the Punjab; on the east it extends to Abahari, Pipli, Rania, Sirsa, Hissar, Rewari, the Native States of Alwar, Bharatpur, Dholpur, and as far as Sipri (which however belongs to Agra), then to Lallitpur and Bina; on the south it reaches to the hmits of the Bhopal State and the River Nerbudda; on the west to the borders of the Bombay Presidency — excepting Mount Abu and Abu Road station, which belong to the Archdiocese of Bombay. Out of a total population of 10,800,000 the Catholics number about 3S46 (Europeans 656, Eurasians 609, natives 2581) who have 9 churches and 8 chapels served by 29 Capuchin Fathers of the Prov- ince of Paris, assisted by 10 lay brothers of the same order. The residence of the Prefect Apostolic is at Ajmere.

History. — Originally a portion of th e Vicariate Apos- tolic of the Great Mogul, and later on of the Thibet- Hindustan mission, Rajpootana had no ecclesiastical history down to the year 1891, when it was separated from the Archdiocese of Agra, and made into a pre- fecture apostoUc. At this date the district had only one mission station, Jaipur. Besides this, a priest was residing at Ajmere in charge of a small community of Eurasians and Goanese, and there were also stations for troops at Nasirabad, Neemuch, and Mhow, served by three miUtarj- chaplains. Since the coming of the French Capuchins other stations have been established at Ratlam, Thandla, Mariapur, Jhabua, Jhalrapatan, Parbatpura, and Bhawanikhera, besides sub-stations visited from time to time. There have been two prefects Apostolic: — Father Bertram, 1892-1902, and Father Fortunatus, present prefect Apostolic from 1903.

Institutions. — The Third Order of St. Francis of Assisi, with 35 members, besides various confra- ternities numbering 347 members. For education of boys: St. Anselm's School, Ajmere, with 37 board- ers and 17 day scholars; St. Joseph's School, Jaipur, for training teachers and catechists, with 25 native orphans; School of the Sacred Heart, Mhow, with 35 boarders and 8 day scholars; besides 25 elementary schools attended by native boys from the villages. For education of girls: under the Franciscan Nuns of St. Mary of the Angels — Convent of the Assump- tion, Mhow, 15 nuns and 4 lay sisters, convent high school with 21 boarders and 47 day scholars, St. Joseph's School with 12 boarders, St. Anne'e School with 37 native pupils, of whom 10 are or- phans; Convent of St. Mary RIagdalen, Ajmere, with 10 nuns and 4 lay sisters, convent high school with 34 boarders and 105 day scholars. Charitable institutions: besides those attached to the foregoing, there are agricultural orphanages at Mariapur with 72 inmates, and at Thandla with 29 Bliil orphans; St. Joseph's Convent, Thandla, for Bhil girls; sur- gical home at Indore attended by 4 nuns; — also dis- pensaries in seven places.

Madras Catholic Directory, 1910; FORTUNAT, Au Pays des Rajas (Paris, 1906).

Ernest R. Hull.

R&le (Rasle), Sebastian, missionary, b. at Pontarlier, Diocese of Besangon, France, 20 Jan., 16.54(?); shot by the English force attacking Norridgewock Mission, Maine, 23 August, 1724. He .entered the Jesuit novitiate at Dole, prov- ince of Lyons, in 1675. He made his first studies at Carpentras, taught for a time at Ntmes, finished his theology at Lyons in 1688, volunteered for the missions in America, and sailed the next year with a party under Frontenac from Rochelle. His first missionary work was at an Abenaki village near Quebec, whence he was recalled to Quebec in 1691. Next he laboured for two years among the Illinois Indians. In 1694 he went to the Abenaki mission on