Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 12.djvu/35

 PHILIPPINE

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PHILIPPINE

too proud to work, and extremely fanatical. Many of them build their towns in the water, with movable bamboo bridges connected with the shore. Flanking thoir settlements they built colias or forts. The walls of some of these were twenty-four feet thick and thirty feet high. The United States Government respects the Moro custom of discarding the hat, by permitting the Moro Constabulary (military police) to wear a Turkish fez and to go barefoot.

Extensive missionary work has been done by the Jesuits in Mindanao. Previous to the American oc- cupation, they ministered to 200,000 Christians in various parts of the islands. Even among the Moros their efforts were successful and in one year (1892)

blance, mentally, morally, and physically, between individuals of the Visayas, but there is a great differ- ence in their languages, a Visayan of Cebu, for instance, will not understand a Visayan of Panay. For all that, it is said that the Filipinos had a common racial origin and at one time a common language. Physically, the Filipinos are of medium height, although tall men are to be found among them, especially in the mountain districts. Generally speaking, they are of a brownish colour, with black eyes, prominent cheek bones, the nose flat rather than arched or straight, nostrils wide and full, mouth inclined to be large, lips full, good teeth, and round chin. The following estimates of the Filipinos are selected

enes .\ueustinian Monaateo'

rt'iiteii l)y guveromeat The Walled City, from the Sea

they baptized 3000 Moros in the district of Diivao. They established two large orphan asylums, one for boys and the other for girls, at Tamontaca, where liberated slave-children were trained to a useful life, and which later formed the basis of new Christian villages. For lack of support a great deal of this work had to be abandoned with the withdrawal of Spanish .sovereignty from the islands.

Chrislian Tribes. — The inhabitants of Luzon and adjacent islands are the Tagalogs, Pampangans, Bicols, Pangasinans, Ilocanos, Ibanags or Cagaydnes, and Zambali's. The must important of these are the Tagalogs, wlio iiiirnhcr about a million and a half; the Pampangans, almut HHl.OOO, excel in agriculture; the Bicols in Soul h-castcrn Luzon were, according to Blumenfritt, tlic first .Malays in the Philippines; the Pangasinans, in the |)ii)\iiice of that name, number about 300,000; the llcjcanos, an industrious race, occupy the north-western coast of Luzon; the Ibanags, said to be the finest i-ace and the most valiant men in the islands (Sawyer), dwell in Northern and Eastern Luzon. The Zambales were famous head- hunters at the time of the Siianish conquest, and made drinking-cups out of their enemies' skulls. They number about 100,000. The Visayan Islands are in- habited by the Visayas, the most numerous tribe of the Philippines. Fewer wild people are found among them than in other portions of the archipelago. The popu- lation is about 3,000,000. There is a strong resem-

from the United States Census Report of 1903. The first gives an appreciation of the people shortly after the arrival of the Spaniards and before they were Christianized. The second and third are the views of an American and an Englishman, respectively, of the Christianized Filipino before and at the time of the American occupation.

(1) Legaspi, after four years' residence, writes thus of the natives of Cebii: "They are a crafty and treacherous race. . . . They are a people extremely vicious, fickle, untruthful, and full of other supersti- tions. No law binds relative to relative, parents to children, or brother to brother. ... If a man in some time of need shelters a relative or a brother in his house, supports him, and provides him with food for a few days, he will consider that relative as his slave from that time on. . . .At times they se'l their own children. . . . Privateering and robbery have a natu- ral attraction for them. ... I believe that these natives could be easily subdued by good treatment and the display of kindness".

(2) Hon. Dean C. Worcester was in the Philip- pines in 1887-88 and 1890-93. He says: "The trav- eller cannot fail to be impre.ssed by his [the Filipino's] open-handed and cheerful hospitality. He will go to any amount of trouble, and often to no little expense, in order to accommodate .some perfect stranger. If cleanliness be next to godliness, he has much to recom- mend him. Hardly less noticeable than the almost