Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 12.djvu/294

 POOR

248

POOR

Statistics of Catholic Institutions fob

Care of

Poor in the United States

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Vicariate Apostolic

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Total Nctuber OF Institctions

Inmates

Persons in Charge

O h

232 32

9 103 50 14 25

1

5 13

2 29

7 64 24 25

45,910

12,834

675

3.714

3.916

2.309

5,252

151

128

1,243

79

300,681

31.326

11,051

2,796

2,863

442

Orphanages for Coloured Children

54

1,266

Homes for Women and GirL

327

131

Homes for Destitute Childrc

jj

317

pH rhiWron

13

13

Institutions for Deaf-mutes

113

26

110

41

Industrial and Reform Seho

ols

637

dren

169

s P

Poor, Little Sisters op the, an active, unen- closed religious congregation founded at St Servan, Brittany, 1839, through the instrumentality of Abbe Augustin Marie Le Pailleur. To two of his penitents, in whom he discerned an unusual aptitude for spiritual things, he had given a rule of life, and had placed one of them, Marie Jamet, in the position of superior to her companion, Virginie Tredaniel. These young workwomen, at the instance of their director, added to their daily duties the personal care and support of a poor bUnd woman. While in search of a lodging for this aged woman the Abbe Le Pailleur formed the acquaintance of Jeanne Jugan, who was born at Cancale, 15 May, 1793. She was soon eager to share in the charitable work, and on 15 October, 1840, Marie Jamet and \'irginie Tredaniel, with their charge, went to live in her house. The three young women went out daily to their work, bringing home their earnings for their" common support and that of the blind woman. In course of time they were joined by Madeleine Bourges and gave shelter to other helpless old people. The zeal displayed by Jeanne Jugan in securing the means to support those in their care has caused her to be regarded as the real foundre-ss of the order.

The congregation is included in the class of hospital- lers. Its constitutions are based on the Rule of St. Augustine, and the sisters take simple and perpetual vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, to which they add a fourth, hospitality. They receive mto their houses aged men and women who have no other shelter. Sixty is the youngest age at which they are admitted, after which they are members of what is known aa the "Little Family", the superior being called by all the "(lood Mother". To the best of

their abilitj' they assist the sisters in the work of the home. For the support of their foundation the sisters are dependent absolutely on charity, ha\'ing no fixed income or endowments, and most of what they receive they procure by begging. The constitution was defin- itively approved by Pius X, 7 May, 1907. The mother -house and no\itiate are at La Tour St Joseph, St. Pern, Ile-et-'N'ilaine, France; there are also no\-itiates in Italy, Spain, Belgium, and the United States. The total number of foundations (1911) is 307; in France there are more than 100 houses, seven of them being in Paris; there are thirty in England, fifteen in Belgium, fifty-two in Spain, sixteen in Italy, four in Sicily, forty-nine in America, three in Australia, one in New Zealand, one in New Caledonia, etc. The order numbers more than 5400 members. On 19 Januan,-, 1911, the sisters in charge of the refuge of Campolidc, Lisbon, where they cared for 329 inmates, were ordered to leave, their places to be suppUed by lav attendants. In Rome the sisters have a house near'S. Pietro in ^'incoli. In Kimberley, South Africa, they are known as Sisters of Nazareth.

Heimbl-cher. Orden und Kongregationen, III (Paderborn. 1908), 388; Steele, Commls of Great Britain (St. Louis, 1902). 244; Lehot, Au pays de la Charite { Abb6\ille. 1903) ; Messenger of the Sacred Heart (February. 1S90), 103-12; Tablet (Oct. 24. 1896). 647; Ram, LiUU Sisters of the Poor (London. 1894).

Blanche M. Kelly.

Poor Brothers of St. Francis Seraphicus, a

congregation of lay brotners of the Third (_)rder of St. Francis, instituted for charitable work among orphan boys and for educating the youth of the poorer classes. The founder w:is Philip Hoever, b. at Obersthohe, near Cologne, Germany, 1816; a schoolmaster at