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there, 18 Dec, 1764. On 3 March, 1703, he became a Benedictine at the Abbey of Nossa Senhora doMont- serrate at Rio de Janeiro, where he also studied the humanities and philosophy under the learned Jose da Natividade. After studj'ing theology at the monasterj' of Bahia he was ordained priest 24 March, 1708, and appointed pro- fessor of philosophy and the- ologj'. Along with Caspar da Madre de Deus (d. about 1780), Antonio de Sao Bernardo (d. 1774) and a few others, he was the most learned Benedictine of his province and his contempo- raries considered him the great- est theologian in Brazil. He was likewise highly esteemed for his piety and charity towards the poor, the sick, and the neglected. In 1726 he was elected abbot of the monastery at Rio de Janeiro, but soon after his election in- curred the displeasure of Luiz VahiaMonteiro, the Governor of Brazil, who banished him from his monasterj' in 1727. Soon afterwards he escaped to Portu- gal, became verj- influential at Court and was restored to his monasten,- by Cardinal Motta in 1729. He held the office of abbot repeatedly there- after, both at Rio de Janeiro (1729-31 and 1739) and at Bahia in 1746. In 1732 he was elected pro- vincial abbot, in which capacity he \'isited even the most distant monasteries of Brazil, despite the great difficulty of travel. He was again elected pro\-in- cial abbot in 1752, but this time he declined the hon- our, preferring to spend his old age in prayer and retirement. His works are: " Defensio S. Matris Eccle- siae" (Lisbon, 1729), an extensive treatise on grace and free will against Ques- nel, Baius, Jansenius, etc.; "Viridario Evangelico" (Lisbon, 1730-37), four volumes of sermons on the Gospels; "Theologia Scholastica Dogmatica", in six volumes, which he did not complete entirely nor was it published.

Dietario do Mosteiro de N. S. do Montserrate do Rio de Janeiro^ preser\*ed in MS. at the Monas- tery Library of Rio de Janeiro. 69-74.312-18; Ramiz Galvao. ApontamentOft historicos sobre a Ordem Benedictino em general, e em particular sobre o Mosteiro de N. S. do Monserrate do Rio de Janeiro in Revisla Trimensal do Institute historico, geographico e ethnographico do Brasil (Rio de Janeiro. 1872), 249 sq. Michael Ott.

Portrait of PiNTrRiccHio by Himse Church of S. Maria Maggiore, Spello

page of his book, several times shipwrecked, taken prisoner many times and sold as a slave. He was the first to make known the natural riches of Japan, and founded the first settlement near Yokohama, in 1.548. In 15.58, tired of wandering, he returned to Portugal where he married, settling in the town of Almada. The first account of his travels is to be found in a collection of Jesuit letters pub- lished in Venice in 1.565, but the best is his own "Peregrina^ao", the first edition of which ap- peared in Lisbon in 1614. The work is regarded as a classic in Portugal, where Pinto is consid- ered one of their best prose writ- ers. In other countries, it has been enthusiastically read by some, by others characterized as a highly coloured romance. But it has an element of sincerity which is con\'incing, and its sub- stantial honest}- is now generally admitted. It is probable that, having written it from memory, he put down his impressions, rather than events as they actu- ally occurred. The Spanish edition by Francisco de Herrara appeared in 1620, reprinted in The French translation is by There are three

1627, 1645, 1664.

Figuier (Paris, 1628, and 1630).

English editions by Cogan (London, 1663, 1692, and

1891), the last abridged and illustrated.

CoG.^N, Travels of Fernando Mendes Pinto, tr. (London, 1891).

V. FUENTES.

Pinturicchio(BERN-AR- DINO Di Betto, surnamed PiNTURiccHio), b. at Ve- rona, about 1454; d. at Si- ena, 11 December, 1513. He studied under Fiorenzo di Lorenzo; and his fellow students, perhaps because of his great facility, sur- named him Pinturicchio (the dauber). Pinturic- chio did an immense amount of work. His principal easel pictures are: "St. Catherine" (National Gallery, Lon- don); a "Madonna" (Ca- thedral of Sanseverino), with the prothonotary, Liberato Bartello, kneel- ing; "Portrait of a Child" (Dresden Gallery); ".\pollo and Marsyas" (the Louvre), attributed to Perugino, Franeia, and even Raphael; the "Ma- donna enthroned between saints'', an altar-piece (Pinacotheca of Perugia); the "Madonna of Monte- olivet o' ' (communal palace


 * , Detail from "La Dispttta

, .\ppartamento Borgia, Rome

Pinto, Fernao Men- des, Portuguese traveller,

b. at Montemor-o-Velho near Coimbra, c. 1509; d Almada near Lisbon, 8 July, 1583. After serving „, ^^ -, ,

fage to the Duke of Coimbra, he went to the East (NationalGallery, London); the "Ascent of Calvary",

ndies in 1537, and, for twenty-one years, travelled, a splendid miniature (Borromeo Palace, Milan). He

chiefly in the Far East. In the course of his adven- waschiefly a frescoist, following principally the process

turous career at sea, he was, as he tells on the title of distemper ((cmpera). There are frescoes of his in the

at of SanGimignano); a"Coronationof the Virgin" (Pin- as acotheca of the Vatican); the "Return of Llysses"