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 PINARA

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PINEDA

destroyed his whole creation and made a new world with a new race subject to thinning out by death. Another hero god is "Elder Brother", and prominent place is assigned to Sun, Moon, Night, and Coyote. The myth also includes a deluge story. Although the linguistic relations of the Pima are well known, all that is recorded in the language is comprised chiefly in a few vocabularies, none exceeding 200 words, sev- eral of which in manuscript are in the keeping of the Bureau of American Ethnology. (See Kino; Pa- PAGO Indians.)

Bancroft, Hist. Arizona and New Mexico (San Francisco, 1889); Idem, Hist. Mexican States and Texas (2 vols., San Fran- cisco, 1886) : Bartlett, Personal Narrative XX of Boundary Commission (2 vols., New York. 1854) ; Browne. Adventures in the Apache Country (New York, 1869) ; Catholic Indian Missions, Bu- reau of, annual reports of Director of (Washington) ; Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Annual reports of (Washington) ; Diary and Itin- erary of Francisco Cards, ed. Cones (2 vols.. New York, 1900) ; Documentos para Historia de Mexico (20 vols., Mexico, 1853-57), includes Behnal, Relacidn de la Pimerla, Manqe, Hist. Pimerla, etc.; Emery, Nates of a Military Reconnaissance (Washington, 1848) ; Russell. The Pima Indians in Twenty-sixth Rept. Bur. Am. Ethnology (Washington, 1908); Whipple, Rept. of Expedi- tion from San Diego to the Colorado (one of official Pacific Railroad Repts., Ex. Doc. 19, 31st Cong., 2nd sess., Wa.shington, 1891).

James Mooney.

Pinara, titular see in Lycia, suffragan of Myra. Pinara was one of the chief cities of the Lycian con- federation. The Lycian hero, Pandarus, was held there in great honour. It was supposed to have been founded by Pinarus, who embarked with the first Cre- tans. According to another tradition, it was a colony of Xanthus and was first called Artymncssus. As in Lycian Pinara signifies "round hill", the city being built on a hill of this nature would have derived its new name from this fact. It is now the village of Minara or Minareh in the vilayet of Koniah. It contains magnif- icent ruins: walls, a theatre, an acropolis, sarcophagi and tombs, rare inscriptions (often Lycian), and the remains of a church. Five bishops of Pinara are known: Eustathius, who signed the formula of Aca- cius of Cajsarea at the Council of Selencia in 359; Heliodorus, who signed the letter from the bishops of Lycia to the Emperor Leo (458) ; Zenas, present at the TruUan Council (692); Theodore, at the Council of Nicaja (787); Athanasius, at the Photian Council of Constantinople (879).

Le Quien, Oriens Christ., I, 975; Smith, Diet, of Greek and Roman geog., a. v.; Fellows, Lycia, 139; Spratt and Forbes, Travels in Lycia, I, 1 sqq.

S. P^TRlDfes.

Pinar del Rio, Diocese of (Pinetensis ad Flu- men), in Cuba, erected by the Brief "Actum pra;- clare" of Leo XIII, 20 Feb., 1903. The boundaries of the diocese are those of the civil province; it oc- cupies the western part of the island and has an area of 2867 square miles. Its first bishop was Braulio de Orne y Vivanco, consecrated at Havana, 28 October, 1903, died the following year. The present bishop is Manuel Ruiz y Rodriguez, consecrated at Cienfuegos, 1 1 June, 1907. The diocese contains 27 parishes with 19 secular priests. There is a boys' school con- ducted by the Piarist Fathers, and a girls' school under the care of religious women.

Fermin Fraga Barro.

Pindemonte, Ippolito, an ItaUan poet of noble birth, b. at Verona, 13 Nov., 1753; d. there, 18 Nov., 1828. He received his training at the Collegio di San Carlo in Modena. As a result of much travelling in Italy and foreign lands he acquired a wide acquaint- ance, and formed close relations with many men of letters. He witnessed the beginnings of the Revolu- tion in Paris, and poetized thereupon in his "Fran- cia". Thence he went to London, Berlin, and Vienna. In 1791 he returned to Verona, with health impaired and saddened at the failure of his hopes for the regen- eration and aggrandizement of Italy, and devoted his

last years to study and religious practices. The chief poetical works of Pindemonte are the "Poesie" and "Prose campestri", the "Sepolcri" and his version of the Odyssey. The "Poesie" and "Prose campestri" were published between 1788 and 1794; the most ad- mired portions are those entitled "Alia Luna", "Alia Salute", "La Melanconia", and "La Giovinezza". They evince his reading of the English descriptive poets. The "Sepolcri" is in the form of a letter and is largely a response to the similarly named poem of Foscolo, with whose views, respecting the patriotic and other emotions evoked by the aspect of the tombs of the well-deserving, he sympathizes; he rebukes Foscolo, however, for having neglected to recount, among the other emotions, that of the comfort brought to us by religious considerations. The influence of the English poet Gray is noticeable in this work. Upon his version of the Odyssey he seems to have laboured fifteen years, and is quite faithful to the letter and spirit of the original. It appeared in print in 1822. His lesser work sinclude among others several trag- edies, the "Uhsse", the "Geta e Caracalla", the "Eteocle e Polinice", and especially the "Arminio", composed in 1804 and revealing the influence exerted upon him by the Ossianic matter. In prose he pro- duced the "Clementina", and a short story, "Aba- ritte", which imitates Johnson's "R;is.selas". He left a large correspondence exchanged with noted persons of his time and a few minor documents.

Poesie originali di I. Pindemonte (Florence, 1S58-9) ; Odissea, ed. LONZOGUS, Sansoni; Torraca, /. Sepolcri di I. Pindemonte in Discussiotii (Leghorn, 1888); Montanari, Storia dclla vita de opere di I. P. (Venice, 1855); Zanella, /. Pindemonte e gli Inglesi in Paralleli letierari (Verona, 1885).

J. D. M. Ford.

Pineda, John de, b. in Seville, 15.58; d. there, 27 Jan., 1637. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1572, taught philosophy and theology five years in Seville and Cordova, and speciaUzed in Scripture, which he taught for eighteen years at Cordova, Seville, and Madrid. He held the posts of Provost of the pro- fessed house and rector of the college of Seville. He was consultor to the Spanish Inquisition, and, in this capacity, visited the chief libraries of Spain. The result of his visits was the "Index Librorum Prohi- bitorum" (1612), which won the appreciation of the Inquisition and of the chief inquisitor. Cardinal Sandoval, Archbishop of Toledo; it was re-edited (1632) for Cardinal Zapata. His learning is evidenced by the nineteen printed works and six manuscripts, chiefly on exegetical subjects, which remain to us of his writings: (1) " Commentariorum in Job Libri tredecim" (Madrid, 1.597-1601). Each chapter is paraphrased and fully commented upon. These two folios were often re-issued in Madrid, Cologne, Se- ville, Venice, and Paris. Seven indexes served as guides to the student. Both Catholic and Protestant exegetes still praise this colossal storehouse of erudi- tion. The archaeology, textual criticism, comparison of various interpretations, use of historical data from profane writers, all show Pineda to have been far ahead of his time in scientific criticism of the Bible; (2) "Praelectio sacra inCanticaCanticorum" (Seville, 1602), issued as a greeting to Cardinal de Guevera, Archbishop of Seville, on the occasion of his visit to the Jesuit college there; (3) "Salomon prsevius, sive de rebus Salomonis regis libri octo" (fol., pp. 587; Lyons, 1609; Mainz, 1613). The life, kingdom, wis- dom, wealth, royal buildings, character, and death of Solomon are treated in scholarly fashion; five in- dexes are added as helps to the student. (4) "De C. Plinii loco inter erudites controverso ex lib. VII. Atque etiam morbus est aliquis per sapientiam mori". Considerable controversy resulted from his interpreta- tion of Pliny (see Sommervogel, infra). (5) "Cora- mentarii in Ecclesiasten, liber unus" (fol., pp. 1224; Seville, 1619), appeared in various editions, as did the