Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 11.djvu/857

 PEYTO

785

PFANNER

suggestion of Maximilian these were published in 1505

under the title "Romanas vetustatis fragmenta in Augusta VindeUcorum et ejus dioecesi" (2nded., 1520, Mainz). In the "Sermones convivales de finibus Germania; contra Gallos", which goes under Peu- tinger's name, the ancient boundaries of Gaul and Germany are discussed. Peutinger also published many important sources for German history, among them the history of the Goths by Jordanes, that of the Langobards by Paulus Diaconus, and the "Chronicon Urspergense" (see Ko.vrad von Lichtenau), all of which appeared in 1515. The famous "Tabula Peu- tingeriana", a thirteenth-century copy of an old Roman map of the military roads of the empire, is not properly called after Peutinger, to whom it was bequeathed by its discoverer, Conrad Celtes. Peu- tinger intended to publish it, but died before he could carry out his plan. Peutinger's magnificent collection of MSS., coins, and inscriptions remained in his family until 1714, when the last descendant, Ignace Peutinger, bequeathed it to the Jesuits of Augsburg. After the suppression of the order, part of it went to the town library, and part to Vienna.

LoTTER. Historia vitas atque meritOTum Conradi Peutingeri (1729). revised edition by Veith (Augsburg, 1783) ; Herbebgeh, C. P. in seinem Verhaltnisse zum Kaiser Maximilian 1 (Augsburg, 1851) : Geiger, Renaissance und Humanismus in Oncken, Allgemeine Weltgeschichte. II, 8 (Berlin, 1882), 370-372; Lier in AUgemeine Deutsche Biographic, XXV (Leipzig, 1887), 561-8.

Arthur F. J. Remy.

Peyto (Peto, Petow), William, cardinal; d. 1558 or 1559. Though his parentage was long unknown, it is now established that he was the son of Edward Peyto of Chesterton, Warwickshire, and Goditha, daughter of Sir Thomas Throckmorton of Coughton. He was educated by the Grey Friars and took his de- gree of B. A. at Oxford; but he was incorporated in Cambridge university, 1.502-3, and became M. A. there in 1505. He was elected fellow of Queen's College in 1506, and on 14 June, 1510, was incorporated M. A. at O.xford. Entering the Franciscan Order, he became known for his holiness of life, and was appointed con- fessor to Princess Mary. Later on he was elected Provincial of England and held that office when in 1532 he denounced the divorce of Henry VIII in the king's presence. He was imprisoned till the end of that year, when he went abroad and spent many years at Antwerp and elsewhere in the Low Countries, being active on behalf of all Catholic interests. In 1539 he was included in the Act of Attainder passed against Cardinal Pole and his friends (31 Hen. VIII, c. 5), but he was in Italy at the time and remained there out of the king's reach. On 30 March, 1543, Paul III nom- inated him Bishop of Salisbury. He could not obtain possession of his diocese, nor did he attempt to do so, on the accession of Queen Mary in 1553, but resigned the see and retired to his old convent at Greenwich. There he remained till Paul IV, who had known him in Rome and highly esteemed him, decided to create him cardinal and legate in place of Pole. But as Peyto was very old and his powers were failing, he de- clined both dignities. He was, however, created cardinal in June, 1557, though Queen Mary would not allow him to receive the hat, and the appointment was received with public derision. It was a tradition among the Franciscans that he was pelted with stones by a London mob, and so injured that he shortly after- wards died (Parkinson, op. cit. below, p. 254). Other accounts represent him as dying in France. The date frequently assigned for his death (April, 1558) is incorrect, as on 31 October, 1558, Queen Mary wrote to the pope that she had offered to reinstate him in the Bishopric of iSalisburv on the derth of Bish.op Capon, but that he had declined because of age and infirmity.

Cooper, Athena Cantabrigienses, I (Cambridge. 1858), giving new particulars as to his family and his university career: Wood. AthencE Oxonienses, ed. Buss (London, 1813-20); Parkinson, XL— 50

Collectanea Anglo- Minoritica (London, 1726); Dodd, Church His- tory (Brussels vere Wolverhampton, 1737-42) ; Bbadt, Episcopal Succession, I, H (Rome, 1877) ; Gasquet, Henry VIII and the Eriglish Monasteries (London, 1888); Gairdner in Did. Nat. Biog., citing state papers, but otherwise an imperfect and defec. tive account; Gillow in Bibl. Did. Eng. Cath., a. v.; Stone, Mary the First (London, 1901) ; Hajle, Life of Cardinal Pole (Lon- don, 1910).

Edwin Burton.

Pez (1) Bbrnhard, historian, b. 22 February, 1683, at Ybbs near Melk; d. 27 March, 1735, at Melk, south- ern Austria. Bernhard studied at Vienna and Krems, and in 1699 entered the Benedictine monastery at Melk. Having devoted himself to the classic lan- guages, he was made professor in the monastery school in 1704, and in the same year went to the University of Vienna, where he studied theology, and in 1708, was ordained priest. He now zealously devoted him- self to the study of history, and in 1713, became li- brarian at Melk. As a model for his historical works he followed the French Benedictines of St. Maur. He studied the archives of the order at Melk and Vienna, and in 1715-17 he, with his brother whose interest in historical subjects he had excited, searched for manu- scripts in the Austrian, Bavarian, and Swabian mon- asteries. In 1716 he published a plan for a universal Benedictine library, in which all the authors of the order, and their works, should be catalogued and re- viewed. He obtained from the monasteries of his order no less than seven hundred and nine titles. He also had friendly literary relations with Johann V. Eckhart, Schannat, Uffenbach, Schmincke, AIos- heim, Lunig etc. In 1728 he accompanied Count Sin- zendorf to France, where he made the acquaintance of Montfaucon, Martene, Durand, Le Texier, Calmet etc., and enriched his collection from the libraries of the order. His chief works are: "Thesaurus anec- dotorum novissimus" (6 fol. vol., Augsburg, 1721-9), a collection of exegetic, theological, philosophical, as- cetic, and historical literary sources; "Bibliotheca ascetica" (12 vols., 1723-40), containing the sources of ascetic literature; "Bibliotheca Benedictino-Mar- uiana" (1716). In a controversy with the Jesuits he defended his order with the "Epistolse apologeticse proOrdineS. Benedicti", 1716. In 1725 he published "Homilien des Abtes Gottfried von Admont (1165)", in two vols., and the minor philosophical works of Abbot Engelbert von Admont. His proposed monu- mental work, "Bibliotheca Benedictina Generalis", was never completed. His manuscript material is partly made use of in the "Historia rei Uterarise O.S.B." by Ziegelbauer-Legipont (1754). His manu- scripts are preserved at Melk.

(2) HiERONYMUs, b. 24 February, 1685, at Ybbs; d. 14 October, 1762, at Melk. In 1703 he entered the novitiate at Melk and was ordained in 1711. He be- came a valuable assistant to his brother, after whose death he became librarian. His principal works are: "Scriptores rerum Austriacarum", 1721-45, in three volumes, a collection of over one hundred sources, even to-day valuable for Austrian history; "Acta S. Colomanni" (1713); "History of St. Leopold" (1746).

Ziegelbauer-Legipont, Hist, rei lit. 0. .S. B. (Augsburg, 1754), I, 446-50, III, 466-76; Wubzbach, Biog. Lex. des Kaiserthums Ocsterreich, XXII (Vienna, 1870). 145-60; Krones in Allgcm. deut. Biog. a. v.; K.atschthaler, Ueber Bernhard Pez und dessen Briefwechsel (Melk. 1889); Hurter. Women, lit. theologix catho- lica, 3rd ed.. Ill (Innsbruck, 1910), 1141-5, 1553.

Klemens Loffler.

Pfanner, Franz, abbot, b. at Langen, Vorarlberg, Austria, 1825; d. at Emmaus, South Africa, 24 May, 1909. In 1850 he was ordained priest and was given a curacy in his nntive dince.se. Nine 3'ears later he was appointed an .Austrian army cliajjlain in the Italian campaign against Napoleon III, but the war was over before he could take up his appointment. After serving as chaplain to the Sisters of Mercy at Agram for several years, he went to Rome, and there