Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 11.djvu/760

 PERIPATETIC

696

PERJURY

Hassard (q. v.), and the publisher Lawrence Kchoe (b. in Co. Wexford, Ireland, 24 July, 1832; d. in Brooklyn. New York, 20 Feb., 1890). To the latter was due much of the early success of the magazine and of the Catholic Publication Society. Under the pat- ronage of the Christian Hrothers the "De La Salle Monthly" was begun in ISti". Its name was later changed to the "Manliattan Monthlj-" and the Irish patriot and poet .lolui S;ivage wa.-i for a, time its editor. The •■Young Crusader" of Boston U^'i''^), "Catholic Record", riul:id('li>liia (1.S71), "Central Magazine", St. Louis (1S72), "Donahoe's Magazine", Boston (187S),followin the list of failures. The "Rosary Maga- zine," begun by the Dominicans in New York, in 1891, was transferred to Somerset, Ohio. The Sisters of Mercy liave published, since 1908, at Manchester, New Hampshire, "The Magnificat". In April, 1866, the Rev. B. Sestini, S.J., founded the "Messenger of the Sacred Heart" at GeorgetowTi, D. C; thence it was moved to Woodstock, Md., next to Philadelphia, and finally to New York, in 1893. Later, in 1907, the "Messenger of the Sacred Heart" was devoted en- tirely to the interests of the Confraternity of the Sa- cred Heart, and the " Messenger", a separate magazine of general literary character, was issued. The latter publication, in April, 1910, was changed to a weekly review, "America", which, by authority of the Gen- eral of the Society of Jesus, was made the joint work of the provincials of the Society in North America. It took immediate rank as an exponent of Catholic opinion with a national scope and circulation. The Rev. John J. Wynne, S.J., was its founder and first editor-in-chief. The Catholic University, Washing- ton, publishes two magazines, the "Catholic Univer- sity Bulletin " and the " Catholic Educational Review" (1911), and nearly all the Catholic colleges and the academies have monthhes edited and compiled by the students.

For historical work Philadelphia hiis two quar- terly magazines, "American Catholic Historical Re- searches" and "Records of the American Catholic Historical Society". New Y'ork has one, "Historical Records and Studies", of the United States Catholic Historical Society. When the reading-circle move- ment began, Warren E. Mosher (b. at Albany, N. Y., 1860; d. at New Rochelle, N. Y., 22 March, 1906), who was one of the founders of the Catholic Summer School, started the "Catholic Reading Circle Re- view". This title was later changed to "Mosher's Magazine", but the periodical did not survive its founder. The "CathoUc Fortnightly Review", of Techny, 111., edited by Arthur Preass, and the "St. John's Quarterly", of Syracuse, N. Y., edited by the Rev. Dr. J. F. Mullany, are personal organs of the editors. "Benziger's Magazine", New York, 1898, and "Extension", Chicago, 1907, are illustrated monthlies. The "Ecclesiastical Review", Philadel- phia (1889), supplies a varied and interesting quantity of professional information for the clergy. An attempt was made to offer from the same oflSce in "The Dol- phin", a similarly important publication for the laity, but it failed to attract the necessary support. Another failure, for a like reason, was made in New York in the "New York Review, a journal of Ancient Faith and Modern Thought", issued bi-monthly from St. Joseph's Seminary, Dunwoodie, June, 1905 — May- June, 1908.

The first quarterly review established in the United States was the "American Review of History and Politics", founded by a CathoHc, Robert Walsh, at Philadelphia, and of which two volumes were pub- lished (1811-12). Walsh wa.s born at Baltimore, Md., in 1784, and educated at (ieorgetown College. He was a man of great literary abilitv, and died United States consul at Paris, 7 Feb., 1859. The first and most important Catholic quarterly was "Brownson's Quarterly Review", which Orestes A. Brownson began

in January, 1S14, at Boston (moved to New York, 1855), after his conversion. He suspended its publica- tion in 1861 "becau.se he was iniwilling", lu' saiil, "to continue a periodical which had not, the full conliilence of the Cntliolir liicrar.liv". It was rcxivcd in 1873, and liiiallv ivascil piil. lira) ion in Octolicr, 1S75, with the slalcmi lit: "I (lis( mil inuc the Review solely on ac<-c)unt of my ]iiriariiius health and the failure of my eyes." The iirst number of the "American Catholic Quarterly Re\iew " was issued at Philadelphia, in Jan- uary, 1876, and the Rev. James A. Corcoran (q. v.), George D. Wolf, and Archbishop Patrick .lohn Ryan are notable as its editors. The "Globe Keview", of Philadelphia, edited by the erratic V\ illiam Henry Thorne, had a short career of violent iconoclastic character.

Special Orgayis. — The fraternal organizations have their special organs — as, for example, the "National Hibernian" (Washington, 1900), of the Ancient Order of Hibernians — which devote their pages to the inter- ests of the social organizations which they represent. The German Catholic Press, led by two influential dailies, has made much more substantial and prac- tical progress than its English contemporaries. Prom- inent among the editors who contributed to these achievements were Dr. Maximilian Oertel (q. v.) and Edward Frederic Reinhold Preuss (b. at Ko- nigsberg, Germany, 10 July, 1834; d. at St. Louis, Missouri, July, 1904). There are sixty-nine Polish papers printed in the United States, twenty odd being thoroughly Catholic, and the others ranging from neutrality to violent anti-clericalism. Of the nine dailies four are cUstinctively Catholic. The oldest paper is the "Gazeta Katolicka", founded by Father Barzynski. He also founded, in 18S9, the "Dziennik Chicagoski" (Chicago Daily News), the controlling interest in which is owned by the Resur- rectionist Fathers. There are eighteen Polish papers printed in Chicago, four of them dailies, and of the eighteen seven are Catholic. The Bohemians have a number of prosperous periodicals including 1 daily, 1 serai-weekly, 2 weeklies, 1 monthly, and 1 bi- monthly. (See also Bohemians in the United States; French Catholics in the United States; Germans in the United States. — The Press; Italians in the United States. — Religious Or- ganizations; Poles in the United States.)

FiNOTTi, Bibliographia Calh. Americana (New York, 1872); Brownson's Quarterly Review CSewYork, Jan., 1S49); Middleton in Records of Am. Calh. Hist. Soc. (Pliilaclelpliia. Sept., 1893; March, 1908) ; Griffin in Catholic Hist. Researches (Pliiladel- phia) ; U. S. Cath. Hist. Soc. Cath. Hist. Records and Studies, III (New Yorli, Jan., 1903), part i; Mdrray, Popular Hist, of Cath. Church in U. S. (New York, 1876); Catholic Citizen (Mil- waukee, Wis.), files; Catholic News (New York, 11 and 18 April, 1908); H. F. BE0WN80N, Brownson's Middle Life; Idem, Later Life (Detroit, 1899-1900); Catholic Directory, files; Messmeh, Works of the Rt. Rev. John England (Cleveland, 1908) ; Kehoe, Il'or*s of Most fffj. John Hughes (New York, 1864); Baylet, Brief Sketch of Hist, of Cath. Church on the Island of New York (New York, 1870) ; Mullany, Catholic Editors I Have Known in St. Johns Quarterly (Syracuse, 1910-11), files.

Thomas F. Meehan.

Peripatetic SchooL See Arlstotle.

Perjury (Lat. per, through and jurare, to swear) is the crime of taking a false oath (q. v.). To the guilt of the sin of lying it adds an infraction of the virtue of religion. An oath properly taken is an act of worship because it implies that God as witness to the truth is omniscient and infallible. Hence the wickedness of invoking the Divine testimony to confirm an untruth is specially criminal. Prescinding from cases of ignor- ance or in.sufhcient deliberation this sin is reputed to be always mortal. When in doubt one cannot without perjury swear to a thing as certain. When mental reservation is permissible it is lawful to corroborate one's utterance by an oath, if there be an adequate cause. It is obvious, however, th.at if in generjil it be true that there is need of caution in the use of mental reservations lest they be simply lies, there will be an