Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 11.djvu/748

 PERIODICAL

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when the influence of a Catholic Press was urRentlv needed its freedom was continually hampered by all sorts of petty vexiitions. Papers that, had been sup- pressed reappeared under other names. This per- scoution IS explained either by the se<>tarian spirit of lL'"f!.'" R^V;.""" ^y *'>'^ impression tlini iirevailiim that the Catholic party was the declared enemy of the

?s.M ;?"™,!'"-'"^- J^"^^ ""'■ 'W'peared at Bologna m ISbl the Leo delle Romagne", substituted for the Osservatore Uolognese", which in turn was sup- pressed in 1SG3 and succeeded by the "Patriotto Cat- tohco, followed again by the "Conservat<ire" (ISliS) and by the •' Unione " (1878). A similar fate befell the _ Usservatore Lombardo" of Brescia (l,St)'2-63) The Uifensore" of Modena was sin.ilarlv treated and suppressed in 1867; and the vear following I\Igr Ha- lan founded the ';Diritto Cattol.co", still publishe.l. in Florence the " Contemporaneo " succeeded to the Corriere Toscano". In Venice the "Veneto Catto- i'f ?, r^PPe^red m 1866 and in 1867 assumed the name P«ff!^i " ' "^H"^ still survives. The "Osservatore Cattohco was founded at Milan in 1864, and was entrusted to the editorship of Don Albertario This journal undertook the refutation of the Rosminian doctrines and was a faithful advocate of the papal policy. At this period religious papers were founded n8fi6^^h 'V^ o^'^l- ,.tl^e,';Liberta", at Locarno (1866), the' Voce Cat tohca" 1866); the "Gazzetta N.l^''n^r7^ ^'f^^K'J^' "Lib^rtft CattoVicI-'^of m^lT- ^ f ^ ir.***? ^'"'"^ Cattohca" of Palermo (1869)' ° Cattohco" of Reggio Emilia

Meanwhile Pius IX felt the need at Rome of a politico-religious organ for the support of his own programme, for the refutation of pernicious doctrines and to serve as a medium of official communication to the Cathohc world. This was realized bv the foun- dation of the Correspondance de Rome", and the

of t"h! -r"*"" ^""^'f ^\?'^''^)- The chief principles ot the Correspondance" were the support of the Holy bee and opposition to the Liberal Catholics and Opportunists^ In 1870 this paper was moved to Geneva by Mgr Mermillod, where it altered its title to Correspondance de Geneve". It then became an

m.tTX"^ °^ ^^°T '^ ^^ '''^?'°"' -campaign against Bismarck, especially during the Kullurkmnpf. This paper supported the intransigent party favoured bv the pope, though It failed to obtain the sympathy of Cardinal Antonelh. At the death of Pius "IX the con- dition of Cathohc journals was very favourable. They rn'fnrm "^f "'^^"°' •" the.Papers of their opponents in form, but w-ere unrivalled as to the ability of their writers and the vigour and intelligence of their po-

Xdisting°ufst*'^^^"'^'^^"°'---^P-

The year 1870 beheld a revival of governmental and

sectarian opposition to Catholic journals, which how"

t?f» I'f '^Jli," ""'"i*" '^"^P'^" the hostility mani- fested toward them. This was particularly the case with those papers of periodical issue. '^Thus fn

Ve,?K""/v r^"' ^■J •^"""^''d the "Voce della Venti (which ceased in 1904): the "Eco del

hSsit'^iT^'^ ".Amico'del Popob",tt

ft Genoa (1873); at Turin the "'corrile Nalb'ale " (1873 which in 1894 was fused with the "Itaha

?f the " Unirrr^tT f'^'^ ?/'" '\'r '^^"^^^^ to Florin e ?1S7Rt ; Tri .^^l]"^ ' ^t Venice the "Berico" (1876); at Udine the "Cittadino Italiano" (1878) at

Po^r-^'etJ"""" ^'^''^' -^tTrevisothe-VHidd Leo XIII also realized the need of a papal journal through which he could communicate wifh ?he foreTgn press, and he consequently created the "Journafde Rome '; thi.s paper did not fulfil his expectations so it was succeeded by the "Moniteur de Rome" assi-

PEBIODICAL

95). The most prominent developments of Italian purnahsm of the last few years are the union o he Osservatore Cattohco" of Milan with the ■'Lega

fus'.M T 1 ^^""l^ '■'"' '"). '^^V- ^^'^l^ two papers v^^re tu.Md ih the Unione". Another event in Italian journalism w-as the foundation of the "Momento"

d'Italia"'rm." ""ir \?'?''^ ^y the "CorHere wif h ;L ^. A ' "".^"'^y called "Giornale di Homa") with the . Avvemre d'ltalia" of Bologna and with the 'Corriere della Sicilia" (Palermo). The "Corre- spondance de Rome", founded in 1907 with the titfe ihZ'u^Ztl'^ Komana", has a scope similar to t lie paper of the same name under Pius IX. Like its

e^hn[?heV\°t^;fin"^ °«^^'= '" ^^--^-- ^^ Before we consult the actual statistics of the Cath- ohc press of Italy it may be well to survey the history o ti^at class of Cathohc j.eriodicals which comprises literature and erudition to the exclusion of po it ics Among hese periodicals we may mention first he

1888 wifh tr'l^r A°^ "?T (1819-68), revived in 1888 with the title "Arcadia", and in 1898 reassum-

n^-«v ll"^'lu'"K Then 'came the "Tiber Z" hr^eh/ of t\?h"'"'" i-^ -^*1' illustrated and treating h?'R- <^'^^,J?gr,'TP'^'' of contemporaneous menl he Rivista" ( 83 ), devoted to the theatre; the Giornale Ecclesiastico" (182.5), a periodical devoted to canon law, m 1835 issued again as the "Annali delle scienze religiose", directed by Mgr Antonio de iheC^^U rTv'"'^ 'i^ the organ of the Academy of the Cathohc Religion In 1865 de Ro.ssi founded the the "Nuovo Bullettino" etc. In Modenafto tK "Met, •^^'p*', '^^J -"^"tioned were added the Memorie di Religione"; the "Opuscoli rehgiosi, let- teran e morai"; the "Strenne filologiche"; in 1858 he founded there a collection of "Letture amene ed oneste ". Under the title of ■ ■ Letture Cattoliche " and Padf/ v?' Periodicals existed in various citls. Eon Bo.S et'c.'"'^""'^' ^""" ^'""'^ '' ^-^^ed by cit^'^r^.'i'^ periodicals of an earlier date we must p/te the Giornale scientifico letterario" and the Rivista di scienze, lettere e arti ". Strictly religious periodicals, such as "Settimane Religiose"; etc were printed in many cities, often for the benefit of some sanctuary or in behalf of some pious work. T™e Donna e la Famigha" (Genoa, 1862), which had a CeZ 'iTqw? ^i< l^? '.'Consighere ddle Famiglie" Genoa, 18.9) ; the^" Missione del la Donna" (Sciacca, 1875), were published for circulation in families. At the present time we should name especially the "Pro Famiha (Bergamo, splendidly illustrated)^ In many cities (Turin, Genoa, Massa Carrara, etc.) papers were published for workmen; others 'were devoted especially to the peasants. For education and the cause of Christian schools were founded the "Scuola Itahana Moderna" (Milan, 1893) and the "Vittorino da Feltre" (Feltre, 1890). The "Maseo delle Mis-
 * u " '^t"'"° '^l Archeologia Cristiana", reappearine as

\IZ -WM°^'^T",?."^ 1'^^^) ' the " Missioni citto- l-„ (Milan); the "Missioni francescane in Pales- tina (Rome) ; the " Oriente Serafico " (Assisi, 1889) • Gerusalemme ' (Genoa, 1877) and other bulletins of this kind indicate their subject-matter by their titles. With the periodical "La Scienza e la Fede" banseverino the celebrated philosopher of Naples assisted by Signoriello and by d'Amelio, carried on a Thomis" philosophy and theology of St.

hJIl"" Pf '"^Z'^^' "Scienza Italiana", founded in 1814 by the Jesuit Cornoldi and the physician Venturini had a .similar scope. After the encyclical "yEternl Patris various other periodicals of this kind ap- Fparrn^ T^Jof ^^^r.^^'V]} ^- Tommaso d'Aquino" tL '^#' 1.^/9 ;"pivus Thomas" (Piacenza, 1880): InL F"''}?^ (Palermo); finally the "Rivista Neol tomistica was founded at Florence (1910). The