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 PERIODICAL

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PERIODICAL

(b) Theological reviews, 10, diocesan and parochial papers, about 20. A description has already been given of the "Theolot^ische (^uartalsclirift ", published by Laupp at Tnliingcii, edition ti3 cdijics; and the "Katholik", pubhslied liy Kircliheini at Mainz, edi- tion 8f)0 copies. A Rood periodical for theological literature is the "Thcolofji.-ii'lic Hcvuc", edited by Prof. Diekamp, published by AschendortT at Miinstcr, edition i)oO copies.

(c) Family and religious-popular periodicals, 90. The subscription list of the oldest and highest in repute of this class, the "Deutsche Hausschatz", has de- clined; it is published by Pustet at Ratisbon, and its edition in 1000 was 38,000 copies; in 1908, 28,000; the number of copies forming an edition at present is unknown. Large circulations are enjoyed by: the "Stadt Gottes", edited by the Society of the Word of God, at Steyl, edition 140,000 copies; the "Christliche Familie", edited by Dr. Jos. Burg, published by Fredebeul and Koenen at Essen, edition 150,000 copies; the " Katholisches Sonntagsblatt " of Stutt- gart, edition 75,0(K) copies.

(d) Legal, national, and socio-economic, 6; among these is the "Archiv fiir katholisches Kirchenrecht", founded by Ernst von Moy in 1857, edited later by Friedrich H. Vering, and at present by Franz Heiner, published by Kirchheim at Mainz.

(e) Scientific periodicals, 3. The most important of these is "Natur und Oflfenbarung", edited by Dr. Forch, published by Aschendorff at Mtinster, edition 900 copies; (f) Philosophical periodicals, 2; (g) Edu- cational periodicals, 34; (h) Historical periodicals, 10. Among these one of general importance is the "His- torisches Jahrbuch der Gorresgesellschaft ", founded in 1880. Its former editors are: Hiiffer, Hermann Grauert, Joseph Weiss; its present editor is Max Jan- sen; it is published by Herder at Munich, edition about 750 copies.

(i) Periodicals for historical art, 6. Among these are the two illustrated monthlies "Zeitschrift fiir christliche Kunst", edited by Prof. Dr. Schnlitgen, published by Schwann at Diisseldorf, edition 900 copies; and "Die christliche Kunst", edited by J. Staudhamer, published by the Society for Christian Art of Munich, edition 6400 copies; (j) Periodicals for church music, 8.

(k) Literary journals, 18. Among these are the " Literarischer Handweiser", published by Theissing at Munster, and the " Literarische Rundschau fiir das katholische Deutschland ", edited by Prof. Joseph Sauer, published by Herder at Freiburg; (I) Mission- ary periodicals, 14; (m) Periodicals for children and youth, 21; (n) Periodicals issued by Catholic associa- tions, 24.

Up to the present time the growth of the Catholic Press of Germany has been both rapid and steady. As theCatholicsin Germany number about 21, 000,000, there is room for an increase in the sales of these peri- odicals, and their circulation will probably grow still larger. On the other hand an increase in the number of organs is less necessary and desirable. The effort should rather be ma<ie to overcome the decided dis- parity between quantity and quality. There are, per- haps, no more than a dozen Catholic dailies which have a really high value. Most of the others limit themselves to a systematic use of correspondence, the collection of notices, and polemics that are not always very skilful; they are also, in part, so monotonous that thej' can only be enjoyed by an una,ssuming circle of readers. The relatively small subscription lists of the really important journals and the undue number of small periodicals show that the cultivated cla.sses sat- isfy their need of reading in part with non-Catholic periodicals. The ca-sc is the same with the family papers. An issue of 10,000 copies is very small for so excellent a review as "Hochland". The satisfaction expressed in each succeeding edition of Keiter's

"Ilandbucli der katholisclicn I'ressc" over the growth of the Catholic press refers only to quantity. In regard to quality there is little choice.

Kl,EMI!NS LOPFLER.

Hoi^LAND. — Towards the end of the eighteenth century the grinding oppression, under which the Catholic Faith in the Northern Netherlands had laboured so long, began to grow less marked, and the Catholics, upon whose printing-presses the Govern- ment had always kept a vigilant eye, now ventured to assert themselves more in public life and even to issue periodicals in order to proclaim and uphold their religious ])rinciples. The first attempt was on a most modest .scale and appeared under the title of "Ker- kelijke Hililiotheek" (6 vols., 1794-96), followed by the "Mengclingen voor Roomsch-Catholijken" (5 vols., 1807-14), edited by Prof. J. Schrant, Rev. J. W. A. Muller, and Prof. J. fl. Lexius. But the man who inspired Catholic periodical literature with life and vigour an<l brought it to comparative perfection was Joachim George le Sage ten Broek (d. 1847), a convert from Protestantism (1806) and known in Holland as the "Father of the Roman Catholic Press". In 1818 he founded "De Godsdienstvriend " (102 vols., 1818- 69), containing articles of local interest, recent ecclesi- astical intelligence, and especially moderate polemics against Protestant and Liberal pretensions, by which he united the efforts of the Catholics in their strug- gle for emancipation. Assisted by his adopted son, Josud Witz, Le Sage displayed a great and wonderful energy not only in his books, but also in several serials, edited by him or at least with his collaboration, viz., the works of the "R. Cath. Maatschappy" (1821-2), suppressed in 1823, the "R. Kath. Bibliotheek" (6 vols., 1821-6), the "Godsdicnstige en zcdekundige mengelingen" (1824-8), the "Bijdragen tot de Gods- dienstvriend" (2 vols., 1824-7), "De Ultramontaan " (5 vols., 1826-30) with its sequels, "De Morgenstar" (2 vols., 1831-2) and "De Morgenstar der toekernst" (7 vols., 1832-5), finally, "De Correspondent" (3 vols., 1833-4) continued later by Josu6 Witz in the "Catholijke Nederlandsche Stemmen" (22 vols., 1835-56), appearing under the title of "Kerkelijke Courant" from 1857 till 1873. Besides this in 1844 Witz started a popular magazine, "LTitspannings- lectuur" (40 vols., 1844-52). In the mean time other serials were published in the Catholic interest, viz., "Minerva" (6 vols., 1818-20), continued in "De Katholijke" (3 vols., 1822-4), "Katholikon" (3 vols., 1828-30), " De Christelijke Mentor" (2 vols., 1828-9), "Magazijn voor R.-Katholieken" (9 vols., 1835-45), and " Godsdienstig, gcschied-en letterkundig Tijd- schrift" (2 vols., 1838-39), but none of these survived. A new generation of Catholic writers soon arose, by whom the struggle for emancipation was continued on a more scientific basis.

In 1842 F. J. van Vree, later Bishop of Haarlem, Th. Borret, C. Broere, J. F. Leesberg, and others founded the best and oldest of the periodicals still existing, "De Katholiek" (138 vols., 1842-1910). This periodical in the course of time introduced many new features which have increased its usefulness, the most important being the admission of lengthier arti- cles contributed by prominent Catholic scholars. A fresh impetus in the field of art and literature was given by Jos. Alberdingk Thijm's "Dietsche Wa- rande" "(27 vols., 1855-90) and his more popular "Volksalmanak" (.50 vols., 18,52-1901), the later issues being entitled "Jaarboekje" (7 vols., 1902-08) and finally consolidated with the "Annuarium der Apologetische Vereeniging Petrus Canisius" (2 vols., 1909-10). Under Thijm's direction two eminent writers were formed: Dr. H. J. Schaepman, poet and politician, and Dr. W. Nuijens, the historian, who, hav- ing jointly founded the "Kath. Nederl. Brochuren- vereeniging" (27 brochures, 1869-70), transformed it