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in any public chapel or church, unless there be special legislation against it; Mass may be celebrated twice a day, with episcopal permission, when otherwise a con- siderable number of persons would be deprived of Mass on Sundays and holjf days; matrimony is to be administered by one's own pastor for liceity ; and when the contracting parties are of different parishes, it is usual for the bishop to designate the parish of the bride as the proper place for the ceremony. These requirements, however, do not affect the validity of the sacrament. As regards funeral rights of pastors, there is no special legislation for the United States, but the common law of the Church is usually followed. The administration of the Viaticum and extreme unction are rights reserved to the pastor, and these rights may not bo infringed without penalty. Rectors of parishes are required to keep registers of baptisms, marriages, confirmations, and interments. They are also exhorted to keep a liber status animarum as far as circumstances permit it. In some dioceses, the ac- ceptance of a perpetual foundation for a daily or anniversary Mass is subject to the approval of the oWinary, who is to decide on the adequacy of the endowment.

C. Rectors and the Parochial Temporalities. — Pas- tors are the administrators of the parochial property, but their rights in this regard are subordinated to the episcopal authority, for the ordinary is the supreme administrator and guardian of the ecclesiastical temporalities of his diocese. A financial statement of the condition of the parochial property must con- sequently be made by the rector to the bishop when- ever he requires it. Generally, an annual statement is to be made. Whatever regulations are laid down by the ordinary for the better administration of the temporalities are binding on the pastors. When lay trustees are appointed to assist in the management of the parochial property, the rectors must obtain the episcopal consent for such appointment. In the United States, no outlay exceeding three hundred dollars may be made by the trustees without the bishop's written authorization, if such outlay is for special objects other than the ordinary expenditures. The pastors must see that lay trustees clearly under- stand that they are in no sense owners of ecclesiastical property and that appropriation of it for their own use entails excommunication. Alienation of all ec- clesiastical property, movable and immovable, is unlawful without the permission of the Apostolic See, when such property is of considerable value. In cases involving a sum of not more than five thousand dollars only the bishop's consent is necessary, provided he has the special faculties usually granted to American bishops to that effect. The penalty for unlawful alienation is excommunication ipso facto. The pastor should make a careful inventory of all the parochial property, and file one copy in the parish archives and send another to the bishop. In cases where the civil law would vest the title to church property in lay trustees, it may be necessary that the bishop should hold the temporalities in his own name in fee simple. It is very undesirable that the same should be done by the pastors. As the rectors are the immediate custo- dians of the parochial property, it is their duty to keep it in proper repair. The We.stminstiT Synods lay down clear and detailed rules in regard to the duty of rectors concerning church property. — " Whoever is set over the administration of a mission . . . should keep a day-book of all the receipts and expenses of the mis- sion, both of which should be entered most accurately every day in their proper order. He should also keep a 'ledger to which he will transfer, every month or three months, all the entries in the other book ar- ranged in order, according to the heads under which each sum received or expended ought to be placed." " Every administrator should keep an open account in some bank in his own name and in the names of

two honest persons. Let these know that they are taken only to prevent the money from any peril of loss and that they must not interfere in the admin- istration. If one fail from any cause the two who remain shall take care to have another elected by the bishop to supply the place. The administrator should never keep for longer than ten days on hand more than 201. of money belonging to the mission . . . but he should diligently place it in the bank." "All buildings belonging to a mission should be in- sured against fire by an annual payment to some society for this purpose." "As soon as any priest enters on his mission let him receive an inventory of all things belonging to the mission from the vicar foran or from some one deputed by the bishop. He is bound to keep the furniture and buildings in good repair, yea, rather to improve them, that he may deliver to his successors as much, at least, as he re- ceived himself." "In every mission, the money con- tributed by the faithful (for seat rents, offertories, house to house collections and special collections) ... is to be accounted church property and not as gifts given to the priest." — By the Constitution "Romanos Pontifices", regulars administering missions must render an account to the bishop of all money given to them with a view to the mission.

Smith, Elements of Ecclesiastical Law, I (New York, 1895); Taunton. The Law of the Church (London. 1906). a. vv. Missions; Rectors; Col. Cone. Lacensis gives the synods of English-speaking countries.

William H. W. Fanning.

Parish Priest. See Pastor.

Parium, titular see, suffragan of Cyzicusin theHel- Icspontus. The Acts of the martyr St. Onesiphorus prove that there was a Christian community there be- fore 180. Other saints worthy of mention are: Menig- nus, martyred under Decius and venerated on 22 November; Theogenes, bishop and martyr, whose feast is observed on 3 January; Basil, bishop and mar- tyr in the ninth century, venerated on 12 April. Le Quien (Oriens christ., I, 787-90) mentions 14 bish- ops, the last of whom lived in the middle of the four- teenth century. An anonymous Latin bishop is men- tioned in 1209 by Innocent III (Le Quien, op. cit.. Ill, 945) and a titular bishop in 1410 by Eubel (Hier. Cathol. med. a!vi, I, 410). At first a suffragan of Cyzicus, Parium was an autocephalous archdiocese as early as 640 (Gelzer, "Ungedruckte . . . Texte", 535) and remained so till the end of the thirteenth cen- tury. Then the Emperor Andronicus II made it a metropolis under the title of llijyoii' nal Uapiov. In 1354 Pega; and Parium were suppressed, the metropolitan receiving in exchange the See of Sozopolis in Thrace (Miklosich and Miiller, "Acta patriarchatus Constan- tinopolitani", I, 109, 111, 132, 300, 330). This was the end of this episcopal see. The ruins of Parium are at the Greek village of Kamares (the vaults), on the small cape Tersana-Bournou in the caza and sandjak of Bigha.

Texieb, Asie Mineure (Paris. 1862), 174: Wachter. Der Ver- fall des Griechenttims in Kleinasien im XIV Jahrhundert (Leip- zig. 1903), 49.

S. Vailh^.

Park, Abbey of the, half a mile south of Louvain, Belgium, founded in 1129 by Duke Godfrey, sur- named "Barbatus", who possessed an immense park near Louvain and had invited the Xmlicrtines to take po.ssession of a small church he had built there. Wal- ter, Abbot of St. Martin's, Laon, brought a colony of his canons and acted as .their superior for nearly three years. The canons, now in sufficient number, elected Simon, a canon of Laon, as their abbot. The canons performed the general work of the ministry in the district of Louvain, bringing back those seduced by the errors of Tanchelin (see Premonstratensian Canons). In 1137 the abbot was able to found the Abbey of Our Lady and SS. Cornelius and