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 PADUA

387

PADUA

Universitt of Padua dates, according to some Jacopo da Piacenza, Lapoda Castiglionchio, and the

anonymous chronicles (Muratori, "Rer. Ital. Script.", canonist and theologian, Francesco Zabarella, after-

VIII, 371, 421, 4.59, 736), from 1222, when a part of wards cardinal; in medicine, Bruno da Longoburgo,

the Studium of Bologna, including professors and Pietro d'Albano, Dino del Garbo, Jacopo and Gio-

students, withdrew to Padua. The opinion that vanni Dondi (also excellent mechanicians), Marcilio,

Frederick II transferred the Studium of Bologna to Padua in 1241 is groundless. But even before this emigration there were professors of law at Padua, as Gerardus Poma- dellus (c. 1165), afterwards Bishop of Padua; further- more, his predecessor, Bishop Carzo, was called sacrorum canonum doctor. The con- tract proposed by the com- mune of Vercelli to the Hec- tors of the students of Padua in 1228 shows that besides both laws and dialectics, med- icine and grammar were taugh t there. The students were divided into four national- ities: French, Italian, Ger- man, and Provencal. This contract stipulated that all or part of the university (14 professors and sufficient stu- dents to occupy 500 houses) should be transferred to Ver- celli for at least eight years. The university, however, was not suspended on that account, as is evident from the Life of St. Antonio. But the tyranny of Ezzelino (1237-56) caused its decadence

Giovanni and Guglielmo Santa Sofia, Jacopo da Forle, and Biagio Pelacani. Phil- osophy was often taught, as I'lsewhere, by professors of medicine, mostly averroists, like Petrus Aponensis and Mundinus. The most dis- tinguished philosophers who were not physicians were Pier Paolo Vergerio (1349- 1414), afterwards Bishop of Capo d'lstria, a learned hu- manist and student of antiq- uity; the Franciscan, An- tonio Trombetta, a famous Scotist. From the fifteenth ' I ' 1 1 1 1 1 r\- f 1 11 ■ri ■ were in theology 111 II I iiii'i:i|ili\-^ii;-s two courses, iiiir 'riiiiiiiiviic, with profes- sors pri'lcrabiy Dominican, and the other Scotist, with professors chiefly from the Friars Minor. Famous in the beginning of the sixteenth century were the controver- sies between the averroist Iihilosopher, Achillini, and the Alexandrist, Pietro Pom- ponazzi (q. v.). The doc- ^■"•o* trines of the latter (who had

From gone to Bologna), especially on the soul were opposed,

1260 it revived under the commune which established among others, by Agostino Nifo, another professor of

the rights of the professors and students, and the philosophy at Padua. The humanist Girolamo Fra-

salaries (300 lire for legists and 200 for canonists) ; the castoro taught philosophy there.

examinations were held before the bishop, who also Among the professors of letters were: Rolandino,

granted the teachers' licences. In 1274 Padua had the historian of Padua (thirteenth century), and Giovanni

decrees of the Coun-, ^^^^^,^^^^ -— ^^^^^^^^  Ravenna, friend

cil of Lyons, equal ^^^^^^^||^?^W, ^^Hi^^HI °^ Petrarch; the hu-

with the Universities ' ^^^^Kb^PSks. ^V * r^^^^^Sfl m a n i s t s Gosparino

of Paris and Bologna. ^^^V ^ft^^i^k^^^ \^^^:M^J^SStKM Barzizi, Francisco

Nicholas IV threat- M^jgfF ^^H ^B H fc^'^^tf^B^B ^^B ^^BJ Quirino; the' Greeks ened to deprive Padua HB^^^^^^'^^M H H ^H ^H ^H ^^Bj^Bl Demetrio Chalcocon- of its Studium, but ^PHIB^^^^^^ I ^H BL^Rf^^^K^^^H (lyl^s, Alessandro the commune re- ^^^^^^BB^gjg^;:-?' W ,**^^^ffl|a MH8BB'"'"^S^ ^3M Zenos, Nicolas Leo- lented, and the Stu- ^^^fe|^^^^PlH^^^Lli-^^^^S^B^|^|^H nicos, Marino Be- dium acquired great ^^^^T^^^^^i^^^^^HflHiBI^^^^^^^^^B <''^"< Pomolo Am- renown, rivalling Bo- ^^^^H ^^m j^f^^^^-^V^^Hf^HrBB^^^^I a.sai'iis, Nicolo

in ^^^^H^ ^^B ^M H ■ ^H'^B^^B ^^B^^^^l ('>>l<'"'li>us; Giovanni From ^^^^H^^^l ^1 B I ^B ^B ^B^^^H^^^B

the ^^^^^B^^L IB' B 1 1 ^H ^H ^B^^^l^^^^l ^'''^

century ^^^^^^^^K ^fr B P-r^^V-SK^^^^^^^^^^^I ^"■^" the

the school of medicine H^^^^B?^^^^^ ' ~ ^^^^^^BB^^^B !i''<-'at French Latinist was famous. The ^^HSH^&^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H Marc. Ant. Muretus,

fac- ^^H^^^H^^^^^^^^M^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B Justus ulty introduced Aver- ' ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^Bf^^^BI the great Latin lexi- roism in philosophy. Connr of the Universitt, Padca cographers of the

The theological faculty was instituted by Urban V in eighteenth century, Jacopus Faciolatus, and Egidio 1363. In the same year the Collegium Tornaeen.se Forcellini. Astronomy, or astrology, was taught already wasfounded, the finst of its kind in Padua. There were in the fourtnent li cent ury. The nio.st noted professors other institutes from 1390, as the college of St. Marco were, in the fiftei'nih century, (Icorg I'earbach, and his for six medical students, the college of Cardinal Pileo disciple .lohann Miillir, calliil Hcgiomontanus; in the (1420) for twenty (afterwards twelve) students. sixteenth century, (Mi.'aiiiii r.aKisf.'i Capuano and

The professors of this first period included the juris- Gahleo Galilei, who al.^n i mulii Tiicclianics and other consults, Alberto Galeotto, Guido Suzzara, Jacopo physical sciences. Chul aniun^; llie theologians was d'Arena, Riccardo Malombra, Albrado Ponte, Ro- the French Dominican Hyacintlie Serry (1698), who lando Piazzola, Jacopo Belvi.sio, Bartol Saliceti, and introduced there the new method of basing theology the celebrated Baldo; the canonists, Ruffino and more on Scriptural and patristic arguments than on