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PADUA

but his spiritual jurisdiction was untouched. He saw the enlargement of his diocese, resulting from the Bull "De Salute Animarum", 16 July, 1821, which ex- tended Paderborn, and placed it under Cologne.

Friedrich Klemens von Ledebur-Wicheln (1826- 41) divided the diocese into deaneries. Konrad Mar- tin (1S56-79) held a diocesan synod in 1867, and took part in the Vatican Council. In the Kultur- kampf he stood firmly for the freedom of the Church, suffered many penalties, and died an exile in Belgium. Franz Kaspar Drobe (1SS2-91) revived the institu- tions for the education of priests. Hubcrtus Simar (1891-1900) rebuilt the theological seminary in 1895 and became Archbishop of Cologne in 1900; Wilhelm Schneider (1900-1909) was a philosopher and theo- logian; Karl Joseph Schulte, formerly Professor of Apologetics and Caiion Law in Paderborn, was elected in 1909, and con.sccratcd 19 March, 1910.

FChstkn-bebg, M'.numenta PaderbijTnensia (Paderborn, 1672-, 4th i-a., I.emgo, 17.>n ; .^■■haten, Annates Paderbornenses (3 vols., 2nd ed., Miinster, 1774-75) ; Bessen. Geschichte des Bistums Pader- born (2 vols., Paderborn, 1S20); Giefers, Die AnfUnge des Bis- tums Paderborn (Paderborn, 1860); EvELT, Die Weihbischofe ton Paderborn (Paderborn, 1869, 1S79) ; LoHER, Geschichte des Kamp- Jes um Paderborn l.'>97-IIJ0i (Berlin, 1874) ; Wilmans and Finke, Die Urkunden des Bislums Paderborn (Miinster, 1874-94); West- fdtisches Urkundenbiirli . IV; HiU.HcnEn, Die ditere Diozese Pader- born (Paderborn, 18S6); Hichter. Geschichte der Paderborner Jesuiten (Paderborn, 1892), I; Idem, Geschichte der Stadt Pader- born, I, II (Paderborn, 1899-1903): Idem, Studien und Quellen zur Geschichte Paderborns, I (Paderborn. 1893); Idem. Preus- sen und die Paderborner] Kloster und Stifter ISOS-lSOe (Pader- born, 1905); Treisen, Die Universitdt Paderborn (Paderborn, 1898); Tenckhoff, Die Bischofe von Paderborn von Hatsumar bis Relhar (Paderborn. 1900); Schultz, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Landeshoheil irn Bislinn Paderborn (Munster, 1903); Liese, Die katholischen Wohlti ,'- i _, I'mr,); Freisen, Staat und katho- lische Kirche in den '■ ' ■ !:.■'!< sstaaten Lippe, Waldeck-Pyr- moiit. Anlnilt usir. J ..;. , .-lnll-:irt. 1906); LeiNEWEBER, Die Pad' ■■'">'■ F'l '/ ' ' a der Zeil der Gtaubensneuerung (Miin- st' r, I 'ii M / "T durch Paderborn (Paderborn, 1910);

Z'/' ' ^ (' Geschichte und Altertumskunde, eec-

tiiiii /. . . li^i. r. 1839—); Schemalismus des Bistums

Pad.rtjarn U ud(rbuiu. i'JU9; supplement, 1911).

Joseph Lins.

Padilla, Juan de, Friar Minor, protomartyr of the United States of America, member of the Andalu- sian province, came to Mexico probably in 1528, join- ing the province of the Holy Gospel. During 1529- 1531 he, with an unnamed friar, accompanied Nuno de Guzmdn to Nueva Galicia and Culiaciin, and pre- vented the oppression of the natives while acting as military chaplain. From 15.31 to 1540 he made mis- sionary tours among the Indians of Tlamatzoldn, Tuch- pan, Tzapotitldn, Totlamdn, Amula, Cauldn, Xicotldn, Avalos or Zaoh'in, Amacuecdn, Atoyac, Tzacoalco, and Colima. He founded the convent of Tzapotldn, becoming its first superior, and erected another at Tuchpiin, making it the headquarters for the mission- ary friars. He established the monastery of Tulant- cingo, governing it until 1540, when he resigned to follow Fr. Marcos de Niza, the discoverer of Arizona and New Mexico, with Francisco Viisquez de Coronado, on the memorable march to the fabled Seven Cities, and thus reached the Upper Rio Grande near the present Bernalillo about the end of 1540. He aLso accompanied Coronado in his search to Quivira, probably as far as central Kansas. When the dis- appointed general and his army in 1542 abandoned New Mexico, Fr. de Padilla, Fr. Juan de la Cruz, Brother Luis de Ubeda or Escalona, resolved to stay behind to evangelize the Indians. A Portuguese soldier, Andres da Campo, two Mexican tertiaries, Lucas and Sebastian, two other Mexican Indians, and a half-breed boy also remained with the zealous friars.

After working with success among the Tlguez on the Rio Grande for some time, Fr. de Padilla's zeal urged him to afford other tribes an opportunity of knowing and serving Christ. Accompanied by Da Campo, Lucas, Sebastian, and the two Mexican In- dians, he set out for the north-east. When the little party reached the plains, they encountered a band XL— 25

of savages, who attacked them and slew Fr. de Padilla as he calmly knelt in prayer. The savages threw the body into a pit. The date and locality of his martyr- dom are uncertain, Fr. Vetancurt in his Menologio assigning 30 November, 1544. Some believe he per- ished in eastern Colorado, or western Kansas, but this is conjecture. The story, believed in New Mexico, that his body was discovered by Pueblo Indians, brought to Isleta, interred beneath the sanctuary of the church, and that it rises and falls at stated periods is a myth. The remains of the Franciscan buried there are doubtless those of Fr. Juan Jose de Padilla, who died a peaceful death there two centuries later. Fr. de la Cruz and Brother de Ubeda were likewise put to death at the instigation of Indian sorcerers at the missions on the Rio Grande.

Mendieta, Historia eclesidstica indiana (reprint, Mexico, 1870); Tello, Cronica de la Santa Provincia de Xalisco (reprint, Guadalajara, 1891); Mota Padilla, Historia de la Conquisia de la Nueva Galicia (Mexico, 1870); Vetancurt, Menologio Francis- cano (Mexico, 1697); Tohquemada, Monarquia indiana (Madrid, 1723) ; Beaumont, Crdnica de la prov. de Michoacan (reprint, Mexico, 1874) ; Fourteenth Ann. Rept. of the Bur. of Ethnol. (Wash- ington); Shea, The Catholic Church in Colonial Days (New York, 1886) ; Bandelier, American Catholic Quarterly Review (Philadel- phia, July, 1890) : LuMMis, Spanish Pioneers (Chicago, 1893) ; Bancroft, History of New Mexico and Arizona (San Francisco, 1889); Defouri, The Martyrs of New Mexico (Las Vegas, 1893); Engelhardt, The Franciscans in Arizona (Harbor Springs, 1899).

Zephyrin Engelhardt.

Padroado, The. See Goa, Archdiocese op; Pro- tectorate OF Mission.?.

Padua, Diocese of (Patavina), Northern Italy. The city is situated on a fertile plain, and is sur- rounded and traversed by the Bachiglione River. Its streets are almost all flanked with colonnades. The most splendid of its churches is " il Santo ", that is, the basil- ica of St. Anthony of Padua, begun in 1232; its style is mixed Romanesque and Byzantine, irrespective of later modifications; it has seven cupolas, and is divided into three naves. On the high altar is a crucifix in bronze by Donatello, the author also of the bronze bas-reliefs on the walls of the apse; the bronze candelabra are by Andrea Riccio; the chapel, called "Capella del Santo" (1500-33), is filled with ex-voto offerings, and contains nine bas-reliefs by Lombard!, represent- ing miracles of the saint; the chapel of the relics and that of San Felice are also full of works of art. The paintings in this church are by Mantegna, Paolo Veronese, and Tiepolo, while the frescoes are by Giotto and Altichiero da Zevia. The Church of Santa Giustina, rebuilt in 1502, is crowned by eight cupolas, and has fourteen side chapels; there arc paintings by Paolo Veronese, Luca Giordano, and Parodio. Be- side this church is a famous monasterj- of the Bene- dictines, which dates from the ninth century; in the fifteenth century a reform of the order began in this convent of Santa Giustina, now used as barracks. The cathedral was destroyed by an earthquake in 1117, and was rebuilt by Michelangelo, who, however, finished only the choir and the sacristy. The church, called "degh Eremitani" (1264 and 1309), contains frescoes by Mantegna. The seminary was founded by Bishop Federico Cornaro in 1577, and was greatly enlarged by Blessed Cardinal Gregorio Barberigo in 1671 ; connected with it are a printing press and a rich library.

Among the secular buildings are the Palazzo della Ragionc, dating from 1166, restored in 1218, 1420, and 1756; the Loggia del Consiglio (the palace of the "Capitano"); and the university (1493), by Palladio or Sansovino; annexed to it are a library, with 2500 MSS., an anatomical amphitheatre, founded in 1594 by Fabrizio d'Acquapendente, a museum of natural history, a large collection of ancient physical instru- ments, a collection of petrified objects, a botanical garden (1545, the first in Europe), and an observatory, erected on a tower of the castle of Ezzelino. Among the public monuments are: the equestrian statue of