Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 11.djvu/420

 PADERBORN

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PADERBORN

bishop was Hathumar, a Saxon (d. 815). Before this Paderborn Wiis under the Diocese of Wiirzburg. The Diocese of Paderborn then included the larRcr part of Lippe, Waldcck, and nearly half of the former Countship of Uavensberg.

St. Badurad (Slfi-ti'i) completed the cathedral, encouraged the building of the cathedral school, and the establishment of several monasteries. He received from Louis the Pious s[)eci:d pnilcction for his diocese, which was benefited financially, in that henceforward it received all the court fees. When the bishops re- ceived the countship is unknown, but this was con- firmed to Bishop Liuthard (S02-S6) in 881 by King Louis. Otto II bestowed the right to a free election of bishops upon Bishop Folkmar in 974 (d. 981). In 1000 the cathedral was burnt; Rethgar (d. 1009) began a new cathedral, completed by his successor, Mein- werk. The latter established the Benedictine Mon- astery of Abdinghof at Paderborn, found- ed a diocesan college at Busdorf, and im- proved the cathedral school. During the Strifeof Investitures, Poppo( 1076-83) was first an adherent of the emperor, later of the pope. Heinrich I, Count of Asspl, elected bishop under the protection of the opposing King Her- mann, in 1090 was exiled by the Em- peror Henry IV, and fled to Magdeburg, where in 1102 he was elected archbishop. The See of Paderborn was occupied by Heinrich II, Count of Werl-Arnsberg, who had had himself installed in 1084 at Rome as bishop by Henry IV, and who had helped in the expulsion of Heinrich I. He received the papal sanction in 1106. Bern- hard II. Lord of Oesede (1127-60), restored the cathe- dral (burnt in 1133).

Siegfried (1178-80) lived to see the downfall of Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony. The rights which the old dukedom had exercised over Paderborn were transferred to the Archbishop of Cologne. The claims of the archbishops of Cologne were settled in the thirteenth century, almost wholly in favour of Paderborn. Under Bernhard II of Ibbenbijren (1 198- 1204) the bailiwick over the diocese, which since the middle of the eleventh century had been held as a fief bj' the Counts of Arnsberg, returned to the bishops. This was an important advance in the development of the bishops' position as temporal sovereigns. From this time on the bishops did not grant the bailiwick as a fief, but managed it themselves, and had themselves represented in the government by one of their clergy. They strove successfully to obtain the bailiwicks over the abbeys and monasteries situated in their diocese. During the reign of Bernhard IV (1228-47) the Minor- ites settled in the diocese. Under him the community life of the cathedral canons ceased completely, and the canons, twenty-four in number, shared with the bishop the property, archdiaconates, and obediences (1231).

Simon I, Lord of Lippe (1247-77), was engaged in struggles with Cologne; Otto von Rietbcrg had also to contend with Cologne; in 1281, when only bishop- elect, he received the regalia from Rudolph of Habsburg, and full judicial power (except penal judi- cature) ; hencf'forward the bishops were actual sove- reigns, though not over the whole of their diocese.

Church at H.^lberst.

Bernhard V of Lippe (1321-41) had to acknowledge the city of Paderborn as free from his judicial suprem- acy. Heinrich III Spiegel zum Dcsenberg (1301- 80), also Abbot of Corvey, left his spiritual functions to a suffragan; in 1371 he" rebuilt Ihe Burg Neuhaus at Paderborn. Simon II, Count of Sternberg (1380-89), involved the bishopric in feuds with the nobility, who after his death devastated the country. Wilhelm Heinrich von Berg, elected 1399, sought to remedy the evils which had crept in during the foregoing feuds, but when in 1414 he interested himself in the vacancy in the Archbishopric of Cologne, the cathedral chapter in his absence chose Dietrich von Mors (1415-63). The wars of Dietrich, also Archbishop of Cologne, brought heavy debts upon the bishopric; during the feuds of the bishop with the City of Soest (1444-49) Paderborn was devastated. The reign of Simon III of Lippe (1463-89) was occupied with the correction of Church discipline. Hermann I, Land- grave of Hesse (1495- 1508), was an excel- lent ruler.

Under Erich, Duke of Brunswick -Gru- benhagen (1502-32), the Reformation ob- tained a foothold in I he diocese, although I lie bishop remained ln\al to the Church, lii'imann von Wied (l.')32-47), also Arch- bishop of Cologne, SI night to introduce t lie new teaching at i':i(lerborn as well as C'cilugne, but he was o [) p o s e d by all chi.sses. The count- ships of Lippe, Wal- deck, and Pyrmont, the part of the diocese in the Countship of Ravensberg, and most of the parishes on the right bank of the Weser became Protestant. After the removal of Hermann von Wied, Paderborn had three active Catholic bishops: Rembert von Kerrsen- brock (1547-68), Johann II von Hoya (1568-1574) pubhshed the Tridentine Decrees, and Salentin, Count of Isenburg (1574-77), also Archbishop of Cologne. Heinrich IV, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (1577-85), was a Lutheran; he permitted the adoption of the Augs- burg Confession by his subjects. Apostasy from the Church made such advances that in the city of Pader- born only the cathedral and the Monastery of Abding- hof remained faithful. To save the Catholic cause, the cathedral chapter summoned the Jesuits to Paderborn in 1580. Theodor von Furstenberg (1585-1618) re- stored the practice of the Catholic religion, built a gymnasium for the Jesuits, and founded the Univer- sity of Paderborn in 1614.

Ferdinand I of Bavaria (1618-50) was not able to save the bishopric from the horrors of the Thirty Years' War. Theodor Adolf von der Reck (1650-91) tried to repair the damages of the war. Ferdinand It von Filrstenberg (1661-83), poet, historian, scholar, and promoter of the arts and sciences, founded the "Ferdinandea", for the support of thirteen mission- aries for the northern Vicariate. Hermann Werner (1683-1704) and his nephew Franz_ Arnold (1704-18) were admirable prelates. Under Klemens August of Bavaria (1719-61), the Seven Years' War wrought great damage. W'ilhelm Anton von der Asseburg (1763-82) founded a. seminary for priests in 1777. Franz Egon von Filrstenberg (17,89-1825) lived to see the secularization of nearly all the chapters and monas- teries in his diocese. The territory of the diocese went to Prussia, the bishop became a prince of the empire;