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OSMA

see to Osimo, and the first bishop thereafter was St. Benvenuto Scotivoli (d. 1283), who was succeeded by Berardo Berardi, afterwards cardinal; C. Giovanni Uguccione (1320), who died in prison, for which reason the see was again suppressed, the bishops residing at Cingoli; Urban VI restored the diocese, and among its subsequent bishops were Antonino Ugolino Sini- baldi (1498); Cardinal Antonio M. Galli (1591); and the Dominican Cardinal Galamini (1620). Under

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Bishop Agostino Pipia, Benedict XIII re-established the Diocese of Cingoli, uniting it to that of Osirao.

Cingoli, an ancient city of Piceno, is frequently' named in connexion with the war between Cff.sar and Pompey ; its cathedral of Santa Maria is of the seven- teenth century ; the Gothic church of Sant' Esuperanzio is a notable temple. The first known bishop of this see was Theodosius (495) succeeded by Julianus, who ac- companied Pope Vigilius to Constantinople in 544; between the dates of Theodosius and Julianus is placed the incumbency of St. Esuperantius, whose history is legendary. No other bishops of Cingoli are known. The Diocese of Osimo is subject directly to the Holy See; it has 34 parishes, with 49,200 inhabi- tants, 2 religious houses of men, and 4 of women, 2 schools for boys and 2 for girls.

Cappelletti, Le Chiese d' Italia, VII; Martorelli, Memorie storiche delta citta di Osimo (Venice, 1705) ; Compagnoni, Memorie delta Chiesa e dei vescovi di Osimo (Rome, 1782).

U. Benigni.

Osius. See Hosius of Cordova.

Osma, Diocese of (Oxomensis), borders Burgos and Logrono on the north, Soria and Saragossa on the east, Soria and Guadalajara on the .south, and Segovia on the west; and includes the civil provinces of Soria and Burgos, with a small portion of Segovia. It is the ancient Uxama and has 1250 inhabitants. Burgo de Osma, the episcopal see, has 3000. The origin of the diocese is obscure: some refer it to St. James the Apostle, others to the reign of Constantine the Great. Fldrez alleges it only as "probable" that it existed in the first centuries, when bishops, to escape persecu- tion, used to establish their sees in obscure places; hence it might have been selected rather than Clunia, the capital of a judicial district. John, Bishop of Osma, signed the acts of the Synod of Toledo, in 597 ; Gregory signed at the synod of 610; Gila signed the acts of the fourth and fifth Councils of Toledo, and sent as his delegate to the eighth, Godescalchus, who afterwards succeeded him, and signed the eleventh; Severian signed at the twelfth, and Sonna at the thirteenth and sixteenth. After the Arab invasion the bishops of Osma continued, as titulars, in Asturias: a letter against Adoptionism, addressed to Elipandus, Archbishop of Toledo, is signed by Eterius, Bishop of Osma, and Beatus, a priest. The "Chronicon

Albedense" mentions Felmirus, Bishop of Osma, in the time of Alfonso III (821).

The succession was then lost until Ferniin Gonzalez, Count of Castile, conquered Osma, placing in its see Silo, a monk of Arlanza. The place was again lost, and the see with it; but eventually Alfonso VI called in the Cluniacs, under Bernardo Salvitd, (later Arch- bishop of Toledo), and made Pierre de Vituris, a French monk. Bishop of Osma. Then began pro- tracted boundary disputes with the Bishops of Oca and of Burgos, compromised at the Council of Husil- los, in Palencia, in 1088; others followed with the Bishops of Sigtienza and of Tarazona, to whose juris- diction Alfonso the Fighter assigned the territory taken from Castile, finally settled in the time of Al- fonso VII, at a council at Burgos, where Cardinal Guido was present as papal legate. After Vituris, the see was occupied by Pedro, formerly archdeacon of Toledo, canonized as St. Peter of Osma. Finding the old church in ruins he chose as the site for a new one El Espinar. His successor, the Frenchman, Raymond Salvitd, continued the boundary controversy and the building of the church, and, having been transferred to the See of Toledo, was succeeded by Beltriin (1128). To provide for the building of his church, Bishop Beltriin obtained a commutation of the Vow of San- tiago for a visit and alms to Osma; he also founded the Confraternity of the True Cross, the brethren of which bound themselves to leave legacies for the building of the cathedral.

Bishop Diego de Acebes accompanied St. Domi- nic against the Albigenses. In 1232 Bishop Juan Dominguez, finding the cathedral again too small, rebuilt it, with the exception of some cloister chajiels, still to be seen, spared out of respect for the memory of St. Peter of Osma. It is in the transition style from Romanesque to ogival, with later improvements and additions. Pedro Gonzalez, Cardinal de Mendoza, Bishop of Osma in 1478, built the marble pulpit. Bishop Pedro Acosta, who had previously occupied the See of Oporto, brought with him the Italian Giovanni di Juni, who (1540) embeUished the re-table of the high altar with figures of St. Peter of Osma and St. Dominic, and also designed the university. Bishop Acosta founded (1557), in Aranda de Duero, the "Sancti Spiritus" convent of the Dominicans, and the chapel of the Santo Cristo del Milagro, originally designed as a chapel of St. Dominie de (luziiian. The organ on the right is the gift of Bishup Marl in Carrillo in 1641, that on the left, of the chapter in 1765. The chapel of the Cristo del Milagro contains an altar and re-table, with an inscription giving the traditional legend, built by Bishop Andres de Soto. With the assistance of Bishop Garcia de Loaisa, Melendez de Guraiel, Dean of Osma, built the chapel of St. Peter, now the chief patron of the diocese. The chapel of Our Lady of the Thorn-bush, planned by Bishop Pedro Arastegui, corresponds to the Santo Christo. In 1506, Bishop Alonso Enriquez, rebuilt the cloisters. Between 1736 and 1744 Pedro Agustin de la Cuadra built the new tower adjoining the west wall in the Barocque style. Joaquin de Electa, confessor to Charles III, built a chapel for Juan de Palafox, Bishop of Osma, completed in 1781. The frescoes are by Mariano Maella.

The bishops of Osma were formerly lords of the city. At the petition of Bishop John II, Alfonso VIII issued a warrant confirming the lordship to the cathe- dral chapter, and left instructions that the lordship of Osma, with its castle, should be given to Bishop Mendo (1210-25) in recompense for his services at the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212). King John I granted the castle of_Osma to Bishop Pedro Gonzdlez de Frias, Bishop Pedro de Montoya surrounded Burgo with a wall, in 1456. Bishop Pedro Alvarez de Acosta founded the university at his own expense, and in 1578, adjacent to the cathedral, the consistorial