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 ORLEY

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ORLEY

Capet had Iiis son Robert (b. at Orleans) crowned king. Innoront II and St. Bernard visited Fleury and Orli'-ansin li:iO.

The people of Orleans were so impressed by the preaching of Blessed Robert of Arbrissel in 1113 that he was invited to found the monastery of La Made- leine, which he re-vi.sited in 1117 with St. Bernard of Thiron. The charitable deeds of St. Louis at Puise- au.\, Chateauncuf-siir-Loire, and Orleans, where he wius present at the translation of the relics of St. /Vif;- nan (2tJ October, 1259), and where lie fre(|uciitly went to care for the poor of the Hotel IMcu, are well known. Pierre de Beaufort, Archdeacon of Sully and canon of Orleans, ius Gregory XI (l.'jTl-sj, wa.s the last pope

South Side, Cathedral, Orleans that France gave to the Church ; he created Cardinal Jean de la Tour d'Auvergne, Abbot of St. Benoit-sur- Loire. Blessed Jeanne de Valois was Duchess of Or- leans and after her separation from Louis XII (1498) she established, early in the sixteenth century, the monastery of L'Annonciade at Ch&teauneuf-sur- Loire. Etienne Dolet (1509-46), a printer, philolo- gian, and pamphleteer, executed at Paris and looked uponbysomeasa" martyr of the Renaissance ' ', was a native of Orleans. Cardinal Odet de Coligny, who joined the Reformation about 1560, was Abbot of St. Euvertius, of Fontainejean, Ferrieres, and St. Benolt. Admiral Coligny (1519-72) (see Saint Bartholo- mew's Day) was born at Chatillon-sur-Loing in the present diocese. .Vt t he beginning of the religious wars Orl(5ans was disputed between the Guises and the fol- lowers of the Protestant Conde. In the vicinity of Or- Kians Duke Francis of Guise was assassinated 3 Feb- ruary, 1562.

The Calvinist, Jacques Bongars, councillor of Henry IV, who collected and edited the chronicles of the Cru- sades in his "Gcsta Dei per Francos", was born at Or- leans in 1554. The Jesuit, Denis Petav (Petavius), a renowned scholar and theologian, was born at Orleans in 1583. St. Francis of Sales came to Orleans in 1618 and 1619. Venerable Mother Fran5oise de la Croix (1591-1657), a pupil of St. Vincent de Paul, who founded the congregation of Augustinian Sisters of Charity of Notre Dame, was bom at Petay in the dio-

cese. The Miramion family, to which Marie Bonneau is celcbralcil in the annals of charity under the name of Mnie (le Miramion (1629-96), belonged by marriage, were from rl('aiLs. St. Jane de Chantal was superior of the Orl(5ans couvenl of the Visitation in 1627. Mme Guyon, celcbratcilin the annals of (Quietism (q. v.),was born at Montargis in lt)4s. France was saved from English domination through the deli verance of Orleans by Joan of Arc (8 May, M2'.ll. n21 July, M.").".. Iierre- habilitation was publicly proclaimed at Orlr.aris in a solenui procession, and before her death in November, 14.')S, Isabel Rom6e, the mother of Joan of Are, saw a monument erected in honour of her daughter, at Tour- nelles, near the Orleans bridge. The monument, de- stroyed by the Huguenots in 1567, was set up again in 1509 wIk'U the Catholics were once more masters of the city. Until 1792, and again from 1802 to 1830, finally from 1842 to the present day, a great religious feast, celebrated 8 May of every year at Orleans in honour of Joan of Arc, attracted multitudes (see Joan of Arc). The Church of Orleans was the last in France to take up again the Roman liturgy (1874). The Sainte Croix cathedral, perhaps built and consecrated by St. Euver- tius in the fourth century, was destroyed by fire in 999 and rebuilt from 1278 to 1329; the Protestants pillaged and destroyed it from 1562 to 1567; the Bourbon kings restored it in the seventeenth century.

The princijial pilgrimages of the diocese are: Our Lady of Bethlehem, at Ferrieres (q. v.); Our Lady of Miracles at Orleans, dating back to the seventh cen- tury (Joan of Arc visited its sanctuary 8 May, 1429); Our Lady of Clery, dating from the thirteenth century, visited by Philip the Fair, Philip VI, and especially by Louis XI, who wore in his hat a leaden image of Notre Dame de Clery and who wished to have his tomb in this sanctuary where Dunois, one of the heroes of the Hundred Years' war was also interred. Prior to the ,\.Ksociations Law of 1901 the Diocese of Orleans eouuleil Franciscans, Benedictines, Missionary Priests of the Society of Mary, Lazarists, Missionaries of the Sacred Heart, and several orders of teaching Brothers. .\mong the congregations of w'omen wliieli originated in this diocese must be mentioned: the Calvary Bene- dictines, a teaching and nursing order founded in 1617 by I'lincess .Antoinette d'Orleans-Longueville, and the Capueliiii Leelerc du Tremblay known as Pere Joseph; the Sisters of St. Aignan, a teaching order founded in 1853 by Bishop Dupanloup, with mother-house in Or- leans. At the beginning of the twentieth century the religious congregations of this diocese conducted: 1 creche ; 77 infant schools ; 2 institutions for the deaf and dumb; 10 orphanages; 2 houses for penitent women, 12 religious houses for the care of the sick in their own homes; 2 houses of retreat; 27 hospitals or asylums; 1 poor house. In 1905 (last year of the Concordat) the diocese had 371,019 inhabitants; 41 pastorates; 293 succursal parishes; 23 vicariates subventioned by the State.

OalKa Christiana, VIII (1744), 140S-1513; Instrumenta, 479- 546; Duchesne, Pastes Episcopaux, 453-60: Cuissabd, Les pre- miers hlques d'OrUans (Orleans, 1887); Duchateau, Hist, du diocese d'Orleans (ibid., 1888) ; Bimbenet, Hist, de la ville d'Or- leans (3 vols., ibid., 1884-7) : Baunard, Vie des saints et personages illustres de Veglise d'Orlians (3 vols., ibid., 1862-3); Cochabd, Les saints de Veglise d'Orlians (ibid., 1879); Cuissard, Thioditlfe, ivique d'OrUans, sa vie et ses tsuvres (ibid., 1892); S6jouRN]fi, Les reliqucs de St. Aignan, ivique d'Orleans (ibid., 1905); Cuissard; Les chanoines et dignitaires de la cathedrale d'Orlians (ibid., 1900); Delisle, Les icotes d'Orleans au douziime et au treizhne siicles (Paris, 1869); Bimbenet, Hist, de I'universiti d'Orlians (Orleans, 1853) ; FouRNlER, Les stattUs et priviUges des Universitis /ran^aises^ I (Paris, 1890) ; Jarossay, Hist, d'un monasthre orleanais, Micy St. Mesmin, son influence Teligieuse et sociale (Orleans, 1901).

Georges Goyau.

Orley, Barent Van (Bernard), painter, b. at Brussels, about 1491 ; d. there 6 January, 1542. He studied under Raphael in 1 509. He returned to Brussels and was commissioned in 1515 to paint an altar-piece for the Confraternity of the Holy Cross at Fumes. In 1518 he was appointed official painter to Margaret of