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of my Inisband " is not within the statute and is pood although made within less than a year of the testator's death. Municipal corporations are organized by statute to maintain public cemeteries and burial- grounds, and are empowered to appropriate property for cemetery purposes. The cost of lots in such cem- eteries is limited to such an amount as will reimburse the corporation for its outlay. Private jissociations incorporated for cemetery purposes may by statute purchiitie, appropriate, or otherwise become holders of title of land for oometery purposes. Burial-lots are exempt from taxation, execution, attachment, or any other claim, lien, or process if used exclusively for burial-purposes, but cemeteries owned by associations are not exempt from assessments for local improve- ments. Land appropriated for private or individual burying-grounds is not exempt from taxation, execu- tion, etc., if it exceeds $50 in value.

ConslitiUion. State of Ohio; Bates. A'lnotaled Ohio Statute with Supplement: Ohio State Reports; Ohio Circuit Court Reports; 100, 101 Ohio Laws; Biographical Annals of Ohio (1908); Reports of state executive departmental Statesman's Year-Book, (1910); Ryan, History of Ohio (1888); HoucK, History of Catholicity in Northern Ohio (Cleveland, 1902) ; Catholic Directory (1910).

John A. Deasy.

Ohler, Alots Karl, educationist, b. at Mainz, 2 January, 1817; d. there, 24 August, 1889. He at- tended the gymnasium at Mainz, studied theology at Giessen, and was ordained at Mainz on 14 August, 1839. His first charge was that of chaplain at Seligen- stadt. Like his colleague, Moufang, he was one of the founders and teachers of the Progymnasium of that city. He became spiritual director of St. Rochus Hospital at Mainz in 1845, and pastor at Abenheim near Worms in 1847. On 21 June, 1852, he was ap- pointed director of the Hessian Catholic teachers' training college at Bensheim. During the fifteen years of his administration, encouraged by Bishop von Ketteler, Ohler laboured to infuse a better spirit into the CathoUc teaching body of Hesse. On 8 April, 1867, he was made a canon of the cathedral chapter of Mainz, given charge of educational matters, and ap- pointed lecturer in pedagogy and catechetics at the episcopal seminary — a position he held until the semi- nary was closed during the Kulturka/npf in 1878. Ohler's chief work is "Lehrbuch der Erziehung und des Unterrichtcs" (Mainz, 1861 ; 10th ed., 1884). The fundamental idea of the work is that the education of Catholic youth should be conducted on Catholic principles. Church and school co-operating harmo- niously to this end. The work was intended for the use of the clergy as well as for teachers. Ohler adapted from the Italian: "Cajetanus Maria von Bergamo, Ermahnungen im Beichtstuhle" (5th ed., Mainz, 1886), "Johannes Baptista Lambruschini, Der geist- liche Fiihrer" (Mainz, 1848; 12th ed., 1872), and an abridged edition of the latter, "Der kleine geistliche Fuhrer" (1851; 6th ed., 1861).

Selbst, Aloys Karl Ohler, Bin Lebensbild in Kathol. Schulkunde, I (Heiligenstadt, 1892), nn. x. xi. pp. 126-7, 135-8, with portrait; PfClf. Bischof von Ketteler (Mauu, 1899),!, 341-3; II, 121 sq.; 326.

Friedrich Lauchert.

O'Hurley, Dermod, Archbishop of Cashel, Ire- land, d. 19-29 June, 1584. His father, William O'Hurley of Lickadoon, near Limerick, a man of sub- stance and standing, holding land under the Earl of Desmond, secureil him a liberal education on the continent. He took his doctorate in ulroque jure, taught first at Louvain and then at Reims, and after- wards went to Rome. Appointed Archbishop of Cashel by (Jregory XIII, he was consecrated on 11 Septem- ber, 1581, per saltum, not havnng previously taken priesthood. Two years later he landed at Drogheda, stayed a short time with the Baron of Slane, and pro- ceeded for his diocese, expecting protection from the Earl of Ormonde. Loftus, Protestant Archbishop of Dublin, and Sir Henry Wallop, then lords justices,

having secret information, so intimidated Lord Slane that he hastened to Munster and brought back his guest. The archbishop was (•oiiiiiiitt<Ml to Dublin C.astle in October, 1583, while the justices, dreading Ormonde's resentment and his influence with Queen Klizabeth, obtained authority to use torture, hoping that he would inform against the Earl of Kildare and Lord Delvin. Still apprehensi\ e, they suggested as Dublin was unprovided with a rack, that their prisoner could be better .sihocilcd in the Tower of London. Walsingham re])li('d by l)idding them toast his feet in hot boots over a fire. The barliurous sug- gestion was adopted, and early in March, 15S4, the archbishop's legs were thrust into boots hlled with oil and salt, beneath which a fire was kindled. Some groans of agony were wrung from the victim, and he cried aloud, ' ' Jesus, son of David, have mercy on me ! ", but rejected every proposal to abandon his religion. Ultimately he swooned away, and fearing his death, the torturers removed him; as the boots were pulled off, the flesh was stripped from his bones. In this condition he was returned to prison, and the Justices again sought instructions from England, reporting what had been done, and intimating the lawyer's opinion that no charge of treason could be sustained in Irish law against Dr. O'Hurley. Walsingham, hav- ing consulted the queen, wrote back her approval of the torture, and her authority to dispatch the arch- bishop by martial law. He was secretly taken out at dawn, and hanged with a withe on the gibbet near St. Stephen's Green, 19-29 June, 1584. His body was buried by some friends in St. Kevin's churchyard. Roth, Analecta Nova et Mira, ed. Mohan (Dublin, 1884); Mohan, Spicilegium Ossor., I (Dublin, 1874); O'Reilly, Me- morials of Sufferers for the Catholic Faith (London, 1868); MnBPHY, Our Martyrs (Dublin, 1896).

Charles McNeill.

O'Hussey, Maelbrighte (Irish, Maol Brighde UA Heodhu.sa; Latin, Brigidus Hoss^us), known also as Giolla-Brigid and as Bonaventura Hussey, a Franciscan Friar, b. in the Diocese of Clogher, Ulster. Little is known of his life. The first definite informa- tion about him dates from 1 November, 1607, on which day he became one of the original members of the Irish Franciscans at their college of St. Anthony at Louvain. It seems, however, that he had pre- viously been at Douai. At Louvain, he lectured first in philosophy and afterwards in theology. His fame rests upon his profound knowledge of the history and language of Ireland, for which, according to the chron- icles of his order, he was even in his own time held in high esteem. As far as we know, his works were all written in Irish, and one of his writings, "A Chri-stian Catechism" (Louvain, 1608), was the first book printed on the Continent in the Irish character. The book must have met with considerable success, for we find that it was several times reprinted and revised. Among his other works are to be mentioned : a metrical abridgment in 240 verses of the Christian Catechism, a poem for a friend who had fallen info heresy, a poem on the author entering the Order of St. Francis, and three or four poems preserved in manuscript in the British Museum and the Royal Irish Academy. A letter in Irish from him to Father Nugent, the superior of the Irish Jesuits, is printed in Rev. E. Hogan's "Hibernia Ignatiana" (p. 167). O'Hussey remained as guardian of the college at Louvain until his death in 1614.

Irish Ecclesiastical Record, VII (1870), 41; Mohan, Spicilegium Ossoriense, III, 52; Wadding, Scriptores ordinis minorum, 56; Ware-Ha«ri8, Writers of Ireland, 102; O'Reilly, Irish Writers, 168.

Joseph Ddnn.

Oil of Saints (Manna Oil of Saints), an oily sub- stance, which is said to have flowed, or still flows, from the relics or burial places of certain saints; some- times the oil in the lamps that burn before their