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had increased from 65 to 125; prieBts from 42 to 81; nuns from 23 to 129 and Catholic schools from 7 to 20; the Catholic population had risen from 50,000 to 65,000.

iiishop Wadhams attended the New York Provin- cial Council of 1883 and the Plenary Council of Balti- more of 1884, and held three diocesan synods. His remains are buried in the crypt of St. Mary's Cathe- dral which he had enlarged and embellished.

Henry Gabriels, born at Wannegem-Lede, Belgium, on 6 October, 1838, graduated at Louvain as a priest of the Diocese of Ghent and was invited with three other Belgian priests to teach in the newly-founded provincial seminary of Troy, New York. He was appointed professor of dogma and afterwards was professor of church history until 1891. He was conse- crated at Albany on 5 May, 1892 by Archbishop Cor- rigan. The new bishop developed the work begun by his predecessor. He strengthened the Catholic schools although some of the smaller ones had to be closed ; he introduced four new religious communities. Bishop Gabriels has made two visits ad Limina, besides other trips to Rome. The former elements of the Catholic population, Irish, French and German, must for per- manency rely on their own fecundity. There are a reasonable number of conversions annually, but a new immigration of Poles, Italians, Hungarians, Greeks, Maronites, and others, largely threatens to modify the Catholic body. Yet till now none are numerous enough to form separate congregations except the Poles who are building a church in Mineville.

Statistics: — Religious Communities: Men: Oblates of Mary Immaculate, 5 priests, 2 brothers; Friars Minor, 3 priests, 2 brothers; Fathers of the Sacred Heart of Issoudun, 6 priests; Augustinians, 2 priests; Brothers of Christian Instruction (Lamennais), 12 brothers. Women : Gray Nuns of the Cross, 6 houses; Sisters of Mercy, 7; Sisters of St. Joseph, 4; Sisters of St. Francis, 1 ; Sisters of the Holy Cross, 2 ; Ursuhnes, 1 ; Daughters of the Holy Ghost, 1 ; Daughters of Charity of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, 1. Priests, secular, 119; regular, 16; churches, 150; parishes, 8; stations, 79; chapels, 21; brothers, 19; nuns, 240; ecclesiastical students, 20; academies, 13; parochial schools, 15; orphanages, 2; hospitals, 6; home for aged poor, 1; baptisms in 1909: infants, 3617; adults, 302; mar- riages, 862; Catholic population over 92,000.

She.v, History of Cath. Church in United States (New York,

1894 ); Walworth, Reminiscences of Bishop Wadhams (New

York, 1893) ; Smith, Hist, of Dioc. of Ogdensburg (New York. 1885) ; Illus. Hist, of Cath. Church in America, ed. Beqni (New York, 1910) ; Cdrtis, 5/. Lawrence County (Syracuse, 1894.) H. Gabriels.

Ogi^one (Oggione), Marco D', Milanese painter, b. at Oggionno near Milan about 1470; d. probably in Milan, 1549. This painter was one of the chief pupils of Leonardo da Vinci, whose works he repeat- edly copied. He was a hard-working artist, but his paintings are wanting in vivacity of feeling and purity of drawing, while, in his composition, it has been well said "intensity of colour does duty for intensity of sentiment." He copied the "Last Supper" repeat- edly, and one of his best copies is in the possession of the Royal Academy of Arts in England. Of the de- tails of his life we know nothing — not even the date of his important scries of frescoes painted for the church of Santa Maria della Pace. His two most notable pictures — one in the Brera (representing St. Michael), and the other in the private gallery of the Bonorai family (representing the Madonna) — are signed Marcus. Others of his works are to be seen at Berlin, Paris, St. Petersburg, and Turin, the one in Russia being a clever copy of the "Last Supper" by Leonardo. Lanzi gives 1530 as the date of his death, but various writers in Milan say it took place in 1540, and the latest accepted date is the one which we give as 1549. He cannot be regarded as an important ar-

JOHN OGILVIE

tist, or even as a very great copyist, but in his pictures the sky and mountains and the distant landscapes are always worthy of consideration, and in these we prob- ably get the painter's best original work.

Lanzi, Storia Piltorica (Bassano, 1509) ; Agostino Santa Gos- TiNi, Descrizione dette Pitture di Milano (Milan, 1671).

George Charles Williamson.

Oc^vie, John, Venerable, eldest son of Walter Ogilvie, of Drum, near Keith, Scotland, b. 1580; d. 10 March, 1615. Educated as a Calvinist, he was received into the Church at Louvain by Father Cor- nelius a Lapide. Becoming a Jesuit .at the age of sev- enteen he was or- dained priest in 1613, and at his own request was sent on the peril- ous Scottish mis- sion. He landed in Scotland in No- vember, 1613, and during nine months reconciled many with the Church in Edin- burgh and Glas- gow. He was betrayed in the latter city, but, during a long im- prisonment, no tortures could force him to name any Catholics. Though his legs were cruelly crushed, and he was kept awake for nine nights by being continually pricked with needles, scarcely a sigh escaped him. Under searching examinations, his patience, courage, and gaiety won the admira- tion of his very judges — especially of the Protestant Archbishop Spottiswood — but he was condemned as a traitor and hanged at Glasgow. The custom- ary beheading and quartering were omitted owing to undisguised popular sympathy, and his body was hurriedly buried in the churchyard of Glasgow cathedral. He was declared venerable in the seven- teenth century.

Authentic account of Imprisonment and Martyrdom of Ft. John Ogilvie, S.J., translated from a Latin pamphlet (DouaL 1615; London, 1877); Forbes-Leith, Narratives of Scottish Catholics (Edinburgh, 1885); a Lapide, Comment, in Isaiam, c. 1, v. 7.

Michael Barrett.

Ogliastra (Oleastrensis), Dioce.se of, in the Province of Cagliari, Sardinia. It was formerly un- der the Archbishop of Cagliari, but Leo XII, at the petition of King Charles Fehx, by a bull of 11 Novem- ber, 1824, erected Ogliastra into a diocese, suffragan of Cagliari, with the Capuchin Serafino Carchero for its first prelate. In the Middle Ages, after the ex- pulsion of the Saracens (1050), Ogliastra was one of the five native giudicalure, or independent districts, and had for its first lords the Sismondi. Tortoli the epis- copal seat is a small city of about 2000 inhabitants, which belongs to the district of Lanusei. The diocese has 29 parishes, 54,500 inhabitants, 53 churches, chapels, and oratories, 46 secular priests, two schools one of which is directed by the S.alesians; the present bishop Mgr Emanuele Virgilio, who succeeded Mgr Guiseppe Paderi on 15 April, 1910, was previously Vicar-General of the Diocese of Vano.sa.

Cappelletti. Le chiese d'ltaiia, XIV. U. BeNIGNI.

O Gloriosa Virginum. See Quem Terra, Pon-

TUS, SiDERA.

O' Gorman, Thomas. See Sioox Falls, Diocese

OP.