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 NUSCO

171

NUTTER

opened the way to great prosperity. In 1852 there were 53,638 inhabitants, 40,441 Protestants and 6616 CathoUcs. Since tliat time it has become the most important industrial city of Bavaria and one of the most prosperous towns of southern Germany. In 1905 its population, including several incorporated suburbs, was 291,351—86,943 Catholics, 196,913 Prot- estants, 3738 Jews and 3766 members of other creeds; the present population is estimated at 340,000.

Nuremberg belongs to the Archdiocese of Bamberg and possesses notable churches. For want of means the buililingof churches could not keep pace with the growth of the community; this condition rendered (lifficult the work of ministry. The Catholic churches at present accommodate barely 8000 people, while the Catholics in the city number over 90,000. The most beautiful church is the Liebfrauenkirche (Church of Our Dear Lady), built 131.5-61 in Gothic style; it is one of the greatest ornaments of the city (Essenwein, "Die Liebfrauenkirche in NUrnberg", Nuremberg, 1881). Other churches are, the St. Elisabethenkirche, a mighty edifice, in antique style, begun in 1784, secu- larized in 1806, purchased by the Catholics in 1885 (Schrotter, "Die Kirche der heiligen Elisabeth in Niirnberg", Nuremberg, 1903); the St. Klarakirche, a Gothic structure, built in 1339, turned over to the Catholics in 1857; the Herz-Jesu-kirche, a basilica in early Gothic style, erected 1898-1902; the Walpurgis- kapelle in the castle, dating from the thirteenth cen- tury; the temporary structures: St. Joseph (1897-8); St. Anthony (1899-1900); St. Karl Borromaus (1903- 4) ; and a new church at present being erected.

Roth, Gesch. des Nurnbergschen Uandds (4 vols.. Leipzig, 1800- 2) ; M.4RX, Gesch. der Reichastadt N. (Nurnberg, 1856) ; Ghillant, N. hist. u. topog. nach den alteslen vorhandenen Quellen u. Urkun- den (Munich, 1863); Chroniken der deutschen Stddte, I-III. X, XI (Leipzig, 1862-74); Herold, AU-N. in seinen OoUesdienslen (Gutersloh, 1890) ; Roth. Die Einfiihrung der Reformation in N. (Wurzburg, 1885); Mummenhoff. AU-N. (Bamberg, 1890); Idem, Die Burg zu N. (Nurnberg. 1892); Idem, N. Ursprung u. Alter in den Darsteltungen der Geschichtschreiher u. im Lichte der Gesch. (Nurnberg, 1908); KuUurgeschichtl. Bilder aus Ifs Ver- gangenheit (14 parts, Nurnberg, 1894-1902); Roesel. AU-N. (Niirnberg, 1895) : Reicke. Gesch. der Reichsstadt N. (Niirnberg, 1896); RlfiE, N. (Leipzig, 1900), dealing with the hist, of art; Von ScHUH. Die Stadl I^s im Jubilaumsjahr 1906 (Niirnberg. 1906); Meyer. Gesch. der Burggrafschaft N. u. der spdtem Markgrafschaf- len Ansbach u. Bayreuth (Tubingen, 1908); ScHRaxTEB. Gesch. der Stadt N. (Niirnberg. 1909); Weiss. Gesch. der Stadt N. bis zum Uebergang der Reichsstadt an das Kfinigreich Bayem 1806 (Niirn- berg, 1909) ; Die kathol. Kirchen in N. (Nurnberg, 1909) ; Mitteil. des Vereins fur die Gesch. der Stadl N. (18 vols., Niirnberg, 1879- 1909).

Joseph Lins.

Nusco, Diocese op (Ncscana), in the province of Avellino, Italy, suffragan of Salerno, dates from the eleventh century. Among its bishops were Guido (1004); St. Amatus (1167), author of a history of the Normans in Apulia and Calabria; Roger (1198), who restored the cathedral; Cardinal Pietro Paolo Parisio (1538), who presided at the Council of Trent; Fran- cesco .\rcudio (1639), a Theatine; Fulgenzio Arminio Monforte (1669), an Augustinian. In 1820 Monte- martino was united to Nusco. St. John, a Benedic- tine (1084), was first Bishop of Montemartino; forty of his successors are known. Nusco has 19 parishes, with 38,300 inhabitants, and 4 religiou.s houses.

Cappelletti, Le Chiese d' Italia, XX.

U. Benioni.

Nussbaum, Johann Nepomdk von, German sur- geon, b. at Munich 2 Sept., 1829; d. there 31 Oct., 1890. He made his studies in the University of Mu- nich where he was a pupil of Thiersch and later the cUnieal assistant of Von Rothmund. He received his doctor's degree in 1853, the subject of his dissertation being "Ueber Cornea Artificialis". The following four years he spent in foreign travel, studying surgery under N^laton, Chassaignac, and Maisonneuve in Paris, Langenbeck in Berlin, and Textor in Wiirzburg. In 1857 he became a Privat-docent (with a thesis on the treatment of various conditions of the cornea). In

1860 be was appointed professor of surgery at the University of Munich which office he held for nearly thirty years. His lectures were noted for their prac- tical character. He studied under Spencer Wells in England which enabled him to greatly aid the devel- opment of pelvic surgery. Later he learned antisepsis from Lister and was instrumental in introducing it into the surgical clinics of Germany. His best-known work, "Leitfaden zur antiseptischen Wundbehand- lung" (Hints for the antiseptic treatment of wounds), went through five editions and was translated into a number of foreign languages. Altogether his publica- tions number almost 100, the best known of which deal with ovariotomy, the transplantation of bone, radical operation for hernia, and phases of the treat- ment of cancer. During the war of 1871 Nussbaum was consultant surgeon-general to the Bavarian troops. Throughout his life he was a Catholic and died pronouncing the words " Praised be Jesus Christ " '.

Paoel, Biograph. Diet, der hervorrag, Aerzte des 19. Jahrh. (Ber- lin, 1901); Idem. Biograph. Lex. der hervorrag. Aerzte (Berlin); Kneller, Das Chrislentum und die Vertreter der neueren Naturwia- senschaft (Freiburg, 1904). JamES J. WalSH.

Nutter, John, Venerable. SeeHAYDOCK, George,

Venerable.

Nutter, Robert, Vener.^ble, Enghsh m.artyr; b. at Burnley, Lancashire, c. 1550; executed at Lancas- ter, 26 July, 1600. He entered Brasenose College, O.xford in 1564 or 1565, and, with his brother John, also a martyr (see Haydock, George), became a student of the English College, Reims. Having been ordained priest, 21 Dec, 1581, he returned to England. On 2 Feb., 1583-4 he was committed to the Tower, where he remained in the pit forty-seven days, wear- ing irons for forty-three days, and twice subjected to the tortures of "the scavenger's daughter". On 10 November, 1584, he was again consigned to the pit, where he remained until, on 21 Jan., 1584-5, he, with twenty other priests and one layman, was shipped aboard the "Mary Martin" of Colchester, at Tower Wharf. Landing at Boulogne, 2 Feb., he revisited Reims in July, but, on 30 November, was again committed to prison in London, this time to New- gate, under the alias of Rowley. In 1587 he waa removed to the Marshalsea, and thence, in 1589-90, was sent to Wisbech Castle, Cambridgeshire. There, in 1597, he signed a petition to Father Garnet in fa- vour of having a Jesuit superior; but, on 8 Nov., 1598, he and his fellow martyr, Venerable Edward Thwing, with others, besought the pope to institute an arch- priest.

Venerable Edward Thwing was the second eon of Thomas Thwing, of Heworth, near York, and Jane (n(5e Kellet, of York), his wife. He was at the English ^College, Reims, 12 July to 12 August, 1583; and 20 'July, 1585, to 2 Sept., 1587, having spent the interval with the Jesuits at Pont-^-Mousson. On 2 Sept., 1587 he set out for Rome, returning to become a reader in Greek and Hebrew, and a professor of rhetoric and logic. He was ordained priest at Laon in the following December. On 4 Nov., 1592, he went to Spa suffering from ulcer in the knee. He returned to the English College, which had in the meantime been transferred from Reims to Douai, and went on the mission in 1.597. He seems to have been immediately arrested and sent to Wisbech, whence he and Nutter escaped to Lancashire, were arrested, May, 1600, tried at the next assizes and condemned for being priests. Both suffered on the same day.

Catholic Record Society Publications (London, privately printed 1905—), I, 110, II, 248, 252. 256, 270. 273, 277. 279, 282; III, 16, 156. 384, 385. 388: (Shalloner. Memoirs of Missionary Priests, I, 120-21; Knox, First and Second Diaries of the English College, Douai. passim ; Oillow. Bibt. Diet. Eng. Cath., V, 203; Waine- WRIOHT. Ven. John Nutter in Catholic Truth .Society's penny biographies ; Hollinshed^ Chronicles, IV (London. 1807-8),

printed 1875). 230; Oxford Historical .Society Publicati<

(Oxford, 1910), 33. John B. Wainewright.