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 NORTHCOTE

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NORTH DAKOTA

1888. The abbey itself has many extra-territorial de- pendencies, i. e. military colleges in Savannah, Georgia and Richmond, Virginia, and parishes in both of these cities, besides various missions in the state itself; and forms legal corporations in Virginia, North Carolina, and Georgia. To it also is attached a college for secu- lar education and a seminary for the secular and regu- lar clergy. To the abbey proper belong 32 priests, 2 deacons, 6 clerics in minor orders, and 37 lay brothers. At Belmont is also a college for the higher education of women under the Sisters of Mercy, wit lilil) pupils, an or- phanage for girls and a preparatory school for little boys.

PromiiK'iil Cdlholics. — Though there are few Catho- lics in the state, an unusual proportion have occupied prominent ollicial positions. Thomas Burke was gov- ernor, and William Gaston, M. E. Manly, and R. M. Douglas were associate justices of the Supreme Court. R. R. Heath, W. A. Moore, and W. S. O'B. Robinson were Superior Court judges, and R. D. Douglas attor- ney general. Prominent benefactors were Dr. D. O'Donaghue, Lawrence Brown, and Raphael Guas- terino. Mrs. Francis C. Tiernan (Christian Reid) is a native of North Carolina.

Shea, Hist, of the Catholic Church (New York,1892) ; O'Connell, Catholicity in the CaroUaaa and Georgia (New York. 1879); Official Catholic Directory (New York, 1910) ; Pub. of U. S. Bureaus of Census and Eitncalian; Ann. Rep. of State Officers (Raleigh); Ban- croft, Hist, of U. S. (Boston, 1879) ; Lawson. Hist, of Carolina (LoDdon, 1714; Raleigh, 1860); Brickell, Natural Hist, of N. C. (Dublin, 1737); Williamson, Hist, of N. C. (Philadelphia, 1812); Martin, Hist, of N. C. (New Orleans, 1829) ; Wheeler, Hist, of N. C. (Philadelphia, 1851); Hawks, Hist, of N. C. (Fayetteville, N. C, 1857); Moore, Hist, of N. C. (Raleigh. 1880); Foote, Sketches of N. C. (New York, 1846); Reichel, Hist, of the Mora- vians in N. C. (Salem, N. C, 1857); Bebnheim, Hist, of the Ger- man Settlements in N. C. (Philadelphia, 1872) ; Cabhthers, The Old North State in 1776 (Philadelphia, 1884); Idem, Life oj Rev. David Caldwell (Greensboro, N. C, 1842); Hunter, Sketches of Western N. C. (Raleigh, 1877) ; Vass, Eastern N. C. (Richmond, Va.. 1886) ; Wheeler, Reminiscences and Memoirs of N. C. (Co- lumbus, Ohio, 1881); Cotton, Life of Macon (Baltimore. 1840); Rumple, Hist, of Rowan County (Salisbury, N. C, \%m)\ Schenck, N. C. (Raleigh, 1889) ; Ashe, Hist, of N. C. (Greensboro, N. C, IflOS); Battle, Hist, of the Univ. of N. C. (Raleigh, 1907); Ashe, Biog. Hist, of N. C. (Greensboro, 1905); Clark, A^. C. Regi- ments 1861-S (Raleigh, 1901); Conner, Story of the Old North State (Philadelphia, 1906) ; Hill, Young People's Hist, of N. C. (Charlotte, N. C, 1907); Haywood, Gov. Tryon (Raleigh, 1903); Jones Defense of Revolutionary Hist, of N. C. (Boston and Ra- leigh 1S34); Pub. of N. C. Hist. Commission (Raleigh, 1900-10); Smith, Hist, of Education in N. C. (Govt. Printing Office. 1888); TvRLETON, Hist, of the Campaign of 17S0-1 (London, 1787); Princeton College during the Eighteenth CetUury (New York. 1872) ; DE Bow, Industrial Resources of the SotUh and West (New Or- leans. 1852); PoOHE. Constitutions. Colonial Charters and Organic Laws of the U. S., II (Govt. Printing Office, 1878), 1379; Colonial and State Records of N. C. (25 vols., 1886-1906) ; Public Laws of N C ■ The Code of tSSS: The Revisal of IBOB (published by State, Raleigh); Clark, The Supreme Court of N. C. (Green Bag, Oct., Nov., Dec., 1892). There is also a large mass of valuable histori- cal matter in magazine articles and published addresses both before and since 1895; see Weeks, Bibl. of the Hist. Lit. of N. C. (issued by Library of Harvard Univ., 1895).

Robert M. Dodglas.

Northcote, James Spencer, b. at Feniton Court, Devonshire, 2B May, 1821; d. at Stoke-upon-Trent, Staffordshire, 3 March, 1907. He was the second son of (ieorge Barons Northcote, a gentleman of an an- cient Devonshire family of Norman descent. Educated first at Ilmington Grammar School, he won in 1837 a scholarship at Corpus Christi College, O.xford, where he came under Newman's influence. In 1841 he be- came B.A., and in the following year married his cousin, Susannah Spencer Ruscombe Poole. Taking .Anglican Orders in 1844 he accepted a curacy at Ilfra- combe; but when his wife was received into the Catho- lic Church in 184.5, he resigned his office. In 1846 he himself was converted, being received at Prior Park College, where he continued as a master for some time. From June, 18.52, until September, 1854, he acted as editor of the "Rambler", and about the same time helped to edit the well-known "Clifton Tracts". After his wife's death in 1853 he devoted himself to prepara- tion for the priesthood, first under Newman at Edgbas- ton, then at the CoUegio Pio, Rome. On 29 July, 1855, he was ordained priest at Stone, where his daughter

had entered the novitiate. He returned to Rome to complete his ecclesiastical studies, also acquiring the profound erudition in Christian antiquities which was later to be enshrined in his great work "Roma Sotterranea". In 1857 he was appointed to the mis- sion of Stoke-upon-Trent, which he served until 1860, when he was called to Oscott College as vice-president, and six months later became president. Under his rule, which lasted for seventeen years, the college entered on an unprecedented degree of prosperity, and his influence on education was felt far outside the walls of Oscott. Failing health caused him to re- sign in 1876, and he returned to the mission, first at Stone (1878), and then at Stoke-upon-Trent (1881), where he spent the rest of his life revered by all for his learning, his noble character, and his sanctity. Dur- ing the last twenty years of his life he suffered from creeping paralysis, which slowly deprived him of all bodily motion, though leaving his mind intact. He had been made a canon of the Diocese of Birmingham in 1861, canon-theologian in 1862, and i)rovost in 1885. In 1861 the pope conferred on him the doctor- ate in divinity. Dr. Nort.hcote's wide scholarship is witnessed to by many works, chief among which is "Roma Sotterranea", the great work on the Cata- combs, written in conjunction with William R. Brown- low, afterwards Bishop of Clifton. This work has been translated into French and German; and it won for its authors recognition as being among the great- est living authorities on the subject. Other works were: "The Fourfold Difficulty of Anglicanism" (Derby, 1846); "A Pilgrimage to La Salette" (Lon- don, 1852); "Roman Catacombs" (London, 1857); "Mary in the Gospels" (London, 1867); "Celebrated Sanctuaries of the Madonna" (London, 1868); "A Visit to the Roman Catacombs" (London, 1877); "Epitaphs of the Catacombs" (London, 1878).

Barrt, The Lord my Light (funeral sermon, privately printed, 1907) ; Memoir of the Very Rev. Canon Northcote in The Oscotian (July, 1907) ; Report of the case of Fitzgerald v. Northcote (London,

1866). Edwin Burton.

North Dakota, one of the United States of Amer- ica, originally included in the Louisiana Purchase. Little was known of the region prior to the expedition of Lewis and Clark, who spent the winter of 1804-5 about thirty miles north-west of Bismarck. In 1811 the Astor expedi- tion encountered a band of Sioux near the boundary of North and South Dakota on the Mis- souri. Settlement was long delayed on account of the numerous Indian wars, and the land was practically given up to hunters and trappers. In 1849 all that part of Dakota east of the Missouri and White Earth

Rivers was made part of the Territory of Minnesota, and in 1854 all to the west of the said rivers was in- cluded in the Territory of Nebraska. Finally, 2 March, 1861, President Buchanan signed the bill creating the Territory of North Dakota, with Dr. William Jayne of Springfield, 111., as first governor; and on 2 November, 1889, the State of North Dakota was formed. North Dakota is bounded on the north by Saskatchewan and Manitoba, on the south by South Dakota, on the east by Minnesota (the Red River dividing), and on the west by Montana. The surface is chiefly rolling prairie, with an elevation of from eight hundred to nine hundred feet in the Red

Dakota