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NORTHAMPTON

of the country of Brazil "with three hundred naked men, equipped'Uke savages of America, whence comes the wood of Brazil". Among these three hundred men were fifty real savages, and there also figured in this exhibition "several monkeys and squirrel mon- keys which the merchants of Rouen had brought from Brazil." The description of the festivities, which bore witnc.-fs to active commercial intercourse between Normandy and .Viiierica, was published tdsethcr with numerous figures. After the Reformation religious wars interruptei.1 1 he maritime activity of the Normans for a time. Rouen took sides with the League, Caen with Henry IV, but with the restoration of peace the maritime expeditions recommenced. Normans founded Quebec in 1608, opened markets in Brazil in 1612, visited the Sonda Islands in 1617, and colonized Guadeloupe in 1635. The French population of Can- ada is to a large extent of Norman origin. During the French Revolution Normandy was one of the centres of the federalist movement known as the Girondin. Caen and Evreux were important centres for the Gi- ronde; Buzot, who led the movement, was a Norman, and it was from Caen that Charlotte Corday set out toslaythe "montagnard" Marat. The royalist move- ment of "la Chouannerie" had also one of its centres in Normandy.

Duchesne, llistorim Nornmnnorum scriptores antiqui (Paris, 1G19); Liquet, Histoire de la Normandie jusqu'd la conquite de VAngleterTe (Paris, 18.55); Labuttk, Hist, ilea ./iirs ,1,: Normandie

jusqua la marl dc GuiUaumr !>■ r ,:,;,,,„, iT:nl, ivnr,;, Waitz,

Ueber die QiulUii ziir ll.s.h '. I:. ■ ' / ",-cr*fa

Herrsclier n, Franhnich in (. ' ; ' ' 1 ■ ilslHi);

BoUMEIi, Kirrl:y and Slanf in l::n,l.n,.l „,, ,,.- ,/, , ,\. '.:.,.(,../).• im XI. and XII. Jahrhuadrrl U.oipziE. i:«K)); Saruazi.n. Jeanne d'Arc el la Normandie aa X V' siicle (Rouen, lS9a) ; Legrelle, La Normandie saus In monarchie absolue (Rouen, 1903); DE Fe- lice, La Basse Normandie, etude de geographie rigionale (Paris, 1907) ; Sign, Les paysans de la Normandie Orientale: pays de Caux (Paris, 1909); Sgrel, Pages normandes (Paris, 1907); Prentout. La Normandie (Paris, 1910); CocHET, Normandie monumentale et pittoresQue (Rouen, ISOl); Bla^k, Normandy and Picardy, their relics, castles, churrin m /' f-'t ^yints of William the Conqueror (London, 1904) ; M i m : /'■ in Normandy (London, 1905) ;

Freeman, ffisf. "/'A < \ - inest of England (.0\loTd,\S7a-

76); Palghave, A'.., ». ., , ,, hn.iland (2 vols., 1851-57); Lap- PENQERG, Anglo-Normnn Kin!/-<: Ngrgate, England under the Angevin Kings (Oxford, 1SS7); Kearv. The Vikings in Western Christendom A. D. 789 to A. D. SSS (London, 1891).

Georges Gotau.

Norris, Sylve.ster (alias Smith, Newton), contro- versial writer and English missionary priest; b. 1570 or 1572 in Somersetshire; d. 16 March, 1630. After receiving minor orders at Reims in 1590, he went to the English College, Rome, where he completed his studies and was ordained priest. In May, 1596, he wa.s sent on the English mission, and hisenergetic char- acter is revealed by the fact that he was one of the ap- pellant clergy in 1600. In the prosecutions following upon the (lunpowder Plot, he was committed to Bridewi^ll Gaol. From hi.s prison he addressed a letter to the Earl of Salisbury, dated 1 Dec, 1605, in which he protests his innocence, and in proof of his loyalty promises to repair to Rome, and labour that the pope shall bind all the Catholics of England to be just, true, and loyal subjects, and that hostages shall be sent "for the afferminge of those things". He was there- upon banished along with forty-six other priests (1606), went to Rome, and entered the Society of Jesus. He was for some time employed in the Jesuit colleges on the Continent, but in 161 1 returned to the English mission, and in 1621 was made superior of the Hampshire district, where he died.

He wrote: "An Antidote, or Treatiseof Thirty Con- troversies; With a large Discourse of the Church" (1622); "An Appendix to the Antidote" (1621); "The Pseudo-Scripturist" (1623); "A true report of the Private Colloquy between M. Smith, alias Norrice, and M. Walker" (1624); "The Christian Vow"; "Discour.se proving that a man who believeth in the Trinity, the Incarnation, etc., and yet believeth not all other inferior Articles, cannot be saved"(1625).

SOMMEEVOQEL, Btbl. de la C. de J., V (1808-09) ; Foley. Rec-

ords of the English Province, .S. J., VI, 184; III, 301; Oliver, Col- lections towards Illustrating the Biography of S. J., a. v.; GiLLOW, Bibl. Did. Eng. Cath., V, s. v.

James Bridge.

Northampton, Diocese op (Noutantoniensis), in Mii^hind, iMjiiipiises the Counties of Northampton, Hcdlnrd, Buckingham, Cambridge, Huntingdon, Nor- folk, and Suffolk, mainly composed of agricultural dis- tricts and f enlands, where Catholics are comparatively few (see, in article England, Map of the Ecclesiasti- cal Province of Westminster). The number of secular priests is 70, of regular 18, of chapels and stations, 73, and of Catholics, 13,308 (1910). Among the more important religious orders are the Benedictines, the Franciscans, the Carmelites, and the Jesuits. Of con- vents the most notable are those of tlie Benedictines at East Bergholt, the Sisters of Notre Dame at North- ampton and Norwich, the Sisters of Jesus and Mary at Ipswich, the Poor Sisters of Nazareth at Northamp- ton, and the Dames Bernardines at Slough, who at their own expense built a fine church for that parish. The principal towns are Norwich, Ipswich, and Cam- bridge, the university town where, according to tradi- tion, St. Simon Stock, of the Order of Carmel, received the brown scapular from Our Lady. The Decorated Gothic Catholic church at Cambridge, one of the most beautiful in the kingdom (consecrated in 1890), is ded- icated to Our Lady and the English Martyrs. It is the gift of Mrs. Lyne Stephens oi^ Lynford Hall, Nor- folk. Norwich possesses one of the grandest Catholic churches in England, built by the munificence of the present Duke of Norfolk in the Transitional Norman style, after the designs of Sir Gilbert Scott, and com- pleted in 1910. The cathedral at Northampton is a commodious but unpretentious building designed by the younger Pugin. The first Bishop of Northampton, William Wareing, had been Vicar Apostolic of the Eastern District before the restoration of the Catholic hierarchy; he resigned the see in 1858, and died in 1865. His successor, Francis Kerril Amherst, was consecrated 4 July, 1858, and resigned in 1879, the see being occupied the following year by Arthur Riddell, who d. 15 Sept., 1907. The present Bishop of North- ampton (1910), Frederick William Keating, b. at Birm- ingham, 13 June, 1859, was consecrated 25 Feb., 1908.

Northampton was the scene of the last stand made by St. Thomas of Canterbury against the arbitrary conduct of Henry II. Bury St. Edmund's, anciently so renowned as the place where the body of St. Ed- mund, King and Martyr, was enshrined and venerated as well as for its Benedictine abbey, has become famil- iar to the modern reader mainly through Carlyle's "Past and Present," in the pages of which Abbot Samson (1135-1211), the hero of Jocelin's Chronicle, occupies the central position. The Isle of Elj^ and St. Etheldreda are famous in English ecclesiastical his- tory. Canute, King of England, was accustomed to row or skate across the fens each year to be present on the Feast of the Purification at the Mass in the Abbey Church of Ely, and Thomas Eliensis ascribes to him the well-known lines beginning, "Sweetly sang the monks of Ely". At Walsingham, also in this diocese, only ruins are now left of a shrine whirli, in the Middle Ages, was second only to the Holy Hou.se of Loreto, of which it was a copy. Many gri':it names of the Reformation period are connected with the district covered by the Diocese of Northampton. Catherine of Aragon died at Kimbolton and was buried at Peter- borough, where the short inscription, "Queen Cath- erine", upon a stone slab marks her resting-place. From Framlingham Castle, the ruins of which are still considerable. Queen Mary Tudor set out, on the death of Edward VI, to contest with Lady Jane Grey her right to the throne. At Ipswich, the birthplace of Cardinal Wolsey, is still to be seen.the gateway of the College built by him. At Fotheringay, Mary Queen of Scots was beheaded (1587), and at Wisbech Castle, where so