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Bishop Carroll of Baltimore. During the second visi- tation of the yellow fever to Philadelphia in 1797-8, he was overtaken by the dread disease.

In 1798 Bishop Carroll called Father Neale from Philadelphia to succeed Rev. Dr. Dubourg in the presidency of the college at Georgetown. He acted in the dual capacity of president and tutor for several years and under his guidance the institution was de- veloped from an academy into a college in 1801. The venerable Bishop Carroll had some time previous to this applied to Rome to name Father Neale as his co- adjutor. He was consecrated by Bishop Carroll in 1800, but remained as President of Georgetown until 1806 when he was succeeded by the Rev. Father Molyneux.

Upon the death of Archbishop Carroll on 3 Decem- ber, 181.5, Bishop Neale succeeded him and received the pallium from Pius VII the following year. Al- ready nearly seventy years old, he lived most of the time at Georgetown in quiet and retirement, but when his duties as the highest dignitary of the Church in the United States called him to Baltimore, he was remark- ably energetic for one of his age and feeble health. While in Philadelphia, Father Neale had made the ac- quaintance of Miss Alice Lalor, through whose aid he started a small school conducted by three ladies, which was destined to be the seed of a great religious order of female teachers in America. This school was broken up by the ravages of yellow fever, but the project was revived by Bishop Neale who requested Miss Lalor with another lady from Philadelphia to come to Georgetown. They associated themselves with the Order of St. Clare, or Poor Clares. In 1805, on the death of tiaeir Abbess, the Poor Clares returned to Europe, selling their convent property to Bishop Neale, who conveyed it to Miss Lalor and her associ- ates, whom he permitted to enter into simple vows in 1813. After his accession to the Sec of Baltimore, the archbishop petitioned Pius VII fi^r the regular estab- hshment of a monastery of the Order of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary at Georgetown, which re- quest was readily granted.

His health failing. Archbishop Neale applied to Rome to have Bishop Cheverus of Boston associated with him in governing the Diocese of Baltimore with right of succession. IJut Bishop Cheverus objected, proposing instead that a coadjutor be appointed with right of succession. To this the archbishop agreed, and Rev. Ambrose Marechal was selected by Arch- bishop Neale, who proposed his name to the Holy See. By a brief of Pius VII, dated 24 July, 1817, Father Marechal was appointed coadjutor with right of suc- cession, under the title of Bishop of Stauropolis in partibas infidehum, but before the arrival of the brief the venerable archbishop had already died.

CL.4RKE. Lives of the deceased Bishops, I (New York. 1872) ; She.1, History of the Catholic Church in U. S. (New York. 1890) ; ScH.iBF, Chronicles of BaUimorc (Baltimore. 1874). p. 386.

J. Preston W. McNeal.

Nebo, Mount (Heb. 133~in; LXX. : Na;3ai)), a moun- tain of the Abarim (q. v.) range east of Jordan and the Dead Sea, from which Moses surveyed the Prom- ised Land (Deut., xxxii, 49), and where he died (ibid., xx.Kiv, 1, 5). The same is probably mentioned in the wanderings in Num., xxxiii, 47: "And departing from Helmondeblathaim, they came to the mountains of Abarim over against Nabo" (Heb. Nebo), though here the reference may be to the town (see Nabo). The location of Mount Nebo is doubtful. A com- parison of Deut., iii, 27 (cf. Num., xxvii, 12) with Deut., xxxii, 49 indicates that the "top of Phasga" and Nebo were variant names referring to the same spot. Difficulty arises in that from no point of the Abarim range does it seem possible to behold all the territory mentioned in Deut., xxxiv, 1-3, especially if the "furthermost sea" means the Mediterranean, as in Deut., xi, 24- By some Nebo is identified

OF Ne

with the modern Jebel Neba, an oblong ridge on an elevated plateau five miles south-west of Hesebon, 2700 feet above sea level.

HuMMELACER, Comment, in Deut. (Paris, 1901), 211.533,560 sqq.; Geikie, Hours with the Bible. VI (New York. 1899), 150; Driver in Internal. Crit. Comment. (New York, 1895), Deuter- onomy, Chap, xzxiv.

James F. Driscoll.

Nebraska, meaning in English, "shallow water", occupies geographically a central location among the states of the Union and is a part of the Louisiana ter- ritory, purchased from France in 1803. It is bounded on the north by South Dakota; on the east by the Missouri River, which separates it from Iowa, and the north-west corner of Missouri ; on the south by Kansas and Colorado; and on the west by Colorado and Wyoming. It has an area of 76,840 square miles. The surface of the state is mainly an undulating plain with a gradual upgrade from south-east to north-west of about 2300 feet. It is drained by several streams, the principal being the Platte, which is formed by the junction of two forks rising in the Rocky Mountains and flowing east through the centre of the state to the Mis- souri, and receives many tributaries in its course. The Niobrara flows north to the Mis- souri, and the Re- publican inthe south empties into the Kansas River. Ex- cept at certain sea- sons, all these rivers are shallow. The population by the census of 1910 is 1,192,214. The climate is exceptionally fine. The mountain breezes sweep over the plains and ow- ing to the splendid drainage, the atmosphere, purged of all malaria, is dry and exhilarating. The annual mean temperature is about 48° Fahrenheit; in winter, 22° and in mid-summer, 75°. The winters are com- paratively short and the summers free from excessive heat and humidity.

Resources. — Nebraska may be described as alto- gether an agricultural state, being practically without minerals. Deposits of coal have been discovered only in very small quantities. Building stone of the lime- stone varieties is also found, but not extensively. Excepting in the north-west where there is a barren tract, known as the Bad Lands, rich in fossil remains, the soil is a deep, rich loam, exceedingly fertile. Pro- fessor Aughey in "Nebraska, Its Advantages, Re- sources," etc., says "One of the most remarkable de- posits, and most valuable for agricultural purposes, in the world, prevails over three fourths of the surface of Nebraska. It is known as the lacustrine or loess deposit". Beneath this there is a porous subsoil which enables Nebraska to stand a drought much longer than any of the bordering states. The report of the monetary value of Nebraska's farm output for 1909 is extraordinary, when we recollect how recently this territory was part of the desert and so designated on the maps. The accompanying table is taken from the carefully prepared report of H. M. Bushnell's Trade Review, published in Lincoln.

The report covering the manufactures of Nebraska for 1908, issued in August, 1909, by the State Bureau of Labour and Statistics, gives the amount of capital invested as $90,,593,659, and the year's output at $160,232,792. The total value of all deeded land, in 1909, embracing 34,419,471 acres, was $1,015,040,225. For 1909, the total valuation of all property in the state exclusive of railroads, was $1,722,197,270; the