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Rh ANTIOCHUS

574

ANTIPATRIS

the new national churches, that the Byzantine Patriarch developed into something very like a pope over the wliolc Orthodox world. And he suc- ceeded in foisting the liturgy, calendar, and practices of his own patriarchate on the much older and more venerable sees of Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusa- lem. It is not possible to say exactly when the older uses were forsaken for that of Byzantium. Theodore Balsamon says that by the end of the twelfth century the Church o"f Jerusalem followed the Byzantine Rite. By that time Antioch had also doubtless followed suit. There are, however, two small exceptions. In the island of Zakynthos and in Jerusalem itself the Greek Liturgy of St. James was used on one day each year, 23 October, the feast of St. James the "brother of God". It is still so used at Zakynthos, and in 1886 Dionysios Latas, Metropolitan of Zakyn- thos, published an edition of it tor practical purposes. At Jerusalem even this remnant of the old use had disappeared. But in 1900 Lord Damianos, the Orthodox Patriarch, revived it for one day in the year, not 23 October but 31 December. It was first celebrated again in 1900 (on 30 December as an ex- ception) in tlie church of the Theological College of the Holy Cro.ss. Lord Epiphanios, Archbishop of the River Jordan, celebrated, assisted by a number of concelebrating priests. The edition of Latas was used, but the Archimandrite Chrysostomos Papado- poulos has been commissioned to prepare another and more correct edition (Echos d'Orient, IV, 247, 218). It should be noted finally that the Maronites use the Syrian St. James with a few very slight modifications, and that the Nestorian, Byzantine, and Armenian Liturgies are derived from that of Antioch. (See also Liturgies, Easstekn).

Texts. — XeiTovpylai twv ayiwv -waT^pijiv 'laKiifJov toO iTTo(TTb\ov Kal d5e\(t>o$iov, Bao-iXciou toC iieydXov, 'luaffov ToO XpvfToffT^fjulv (Paris. 1560 — the textus receptus), reprinted by Fkonton LE Due, Bibliothpca veterum patruni (Paris, 1624), II, and in a Venetian edition {iv Ty SaXaKdrj;, 1645); Bright- man, Liturgies Eastern and Western (O.xford, 1896), I (Apost. Const., 3-27; Greels St. James, 31-68; .Syriac St. James, in English, 69-110; St. Cyril of Jer., 464-470; St. John Chrys., 470-481; James of Edessa, 490-494; Presanct. Lit. of St. James, 494-501); Dionvsios Latas, 'H Bela. \siTOVpyla ttoO ayiov iv56^ov diroaTbXov 'laKiijfSov toO ddeXtpov dlov Kal Trpjj- Tov Updpxov tCjv ' l€po<ro\vpiO)v ^KSode'tffa p-erd diard^eojs Kal (TriptiJiffcav (Zakynthos, 1886); Neale, The Liturgies of S. Mark. St. James, S. Clement, S. Chrysostcm, S. Basil (Lon- don, 1875), St. Clement, i. e. Ap. Const., 85-108, Greek St. James, 39-78; Missale Syriacum iuxta ritum antiochente Sj/rorum (Rome, 1843 — for the Uniats). The various liturgical books used by the Syrian Uniats are published at Beirdt. Missale Chaldaicum iuxta ritum ecelesiw nxitionis Maronitarum (Rome, 1716); Boderiands, De ritibus baptiami et sacr<e synaxis apud Syros chriaiianos receptis (Antwerp, 1572, Syriac and Latin). This contains the Ordo Communis only of the Jacobites, that is their Mass of the Catechumens, the rubrics and parts of the Mass of the Faithful, not the Anaphora. The complete Jacobite texts are not published (cf. Brightman, Iv-lvi).

Translations. — Thusais: Liturgiee sive missce SS. patrum lacobi apostoli & fratris Domini, Basilii magni, loannis Chrysos- (omi (Paris, 1560), reprinted in the Bibliotheca SS. Patrum (Paris, 1575), etc.; Renaudot, Liturgiarum Orientetlium Collectio (2nd cd., Frankfort, 1847), IX (Syriac St. James, 1-44, Shorter St. James, 126-132, other Anaphoras, 134-560); Brett, A Collection of the Principal Liturgies (London, 1720); Neale, History of the Holy Eastern Church (London, 1850) I, 531-701 ; Neale ano Littledale, The Liturgies of SS. Mark, James, Clement, Chrysostom ami Basil and the Church of Malabar translated (London, 1868); Antcnicene Christian Ltlirary (Edinburgh, 1872), XXIV; Probst, Liturgie der drei rrslen chrtstliclum J ahrhurulrrten (Tubingen, 1870), 295-318; bTORFF, Du: griechischen Liturnien der hi. Jakobus, Markus, Banltus, und Chrysostomus (Kcmpten, 1877), 30-78.

DUWERTATIONK.— Bcwlcs, the introductions and notes in Renaodot, PiionsT, Hihghtman, Neale, Storif (op. rit.), tUNK, Du apottolischrn Konslitutionen (Rottenburg. 1.S91); Allatius, Epislola ad BarlhiMnm Nihusium ,lr lilur,ii,i lucnbi in Sli/i/U(CT(£ (Cologne. I(i53), 17.1-208, an atloii.pt to pn>vc that the liturgy really was written bv St. James Hon i limim litur- giarum liltri Juo (Turin, 17471, I. I."i .|.| ; I khmix,, l)is- mtisitio de S. Inroln IMurtiin (op. |m. 'i,.n:, ^ ii.'i'j l'\'i mi:k,

Oriffines lilurgietf Mth ed.. l.on.luu I -. I, I", 11 i, ,yj.''

The Greek /.tliiriiy of .S(. J(im<» H.^mluirli, IMSi, ri,.,iiMT[ Litun/ie des IV. Jnhrhunderts und ttirm li>lt>rm (..Munslcri

1893); Duchesne, Origines du culte chretien (2nd ed. Paris, 1898), 55-67: Drews, Zur Entstehungsgeschichte des Kanon^ in der rdmischen Messe (Tubingen, 1902).

Adrian Fortescue.

Antiochus of Palestine, a monk of the seventh century, said to have been bom near Ancyra (Asia Minor), lived first as a solitary, then became a monk and Abbot of the famous laura or monastery of St. Saba near Jerusalem. He witnessed the Persian invasion of Palestine in 614, and the massacre of forty-four of his companions by the Bedouins. Five years after the conquest of the Holy Land by Chos- roes, Ancyra was taken (619) and destroyed by the Persians, which compelled the monks of the neigh- bouring monastery of Attaline to leave their home, and to move from place to place. As they were, naturally, unable to carry many books with them, the Abbot Eustatliius asked his friend Antiochus to compile an abridgment of Holy Scripture for their use, and also a short account of the martyrdom of the forty-four monks of St. Sabbas. In compliance with this request he wrote a work known as " Pan- dects of Holy Scripture" (in 130 chapters, mistaken by the Latin translator for as many homihes). It is a collection of moral sentences, drawn from Scrip- ture and from early ecclesiastical writers. He also wrote an " Exomologesis " or prayer, in which he relates the miseries that had befallen Jerusalem since the Persian invasion, and begs the divine mercy to heal the Holy City's many ills (P. L., LXXXIX, 1422-18.56). These works seem to have been written in the period between the conquest of Palestine by Chosroes and its reconquest by the Emperor Herac- lius (628). The introductory chapter of the "Pan- dects" tells of the martyrdom referred to; its last chapter contains a list of heretics from Simon Magus to the Monophysite followers of Severus of Antioch. The book is of special value for its extracts of works no longer existing; the writer had an interest, then uncommon, in early Christian literature.

Batiffol in Diet, de la Bible s. v.; Vailhe in Diet, de thcol. cath. s. v.; Peters in Kirchenlex., s. v.; Bardenhewer, Patrologie, (2d ed. Freiburg, 1901), 505; Ehrhard. in Krum- bacher, Gesch. d. byzant. Litt., (2d ed. Munich, 1S67), I, 114.

Fr.umcis W. Grey.

Antipater of Bostra (in Arabia) in the fifth century, one of the foremost Greek prelates of the Roman Orient; flourished about 460. He was a pronounced opponent of Origen. Little is known of his life, save that he was held in liigh esteem by his contemporaries, civil and ecclesiastical. He is rated among the authoritative ecclesiastical writers by the Fathers of the Seventh General Council (787). There have reached us, in the acts of this council, only a few fragments of liis lengthy refutation of the "Apology for Origen" put together (c. 309) by Pamphilus and Eusebius of Ca?sarea. The work of Antipater was looked on as a masterly composition, and, as late as 540 was ordered to be read in the churches of the East as an antidote to the .spread of the Origenistic heresies (Cotelier, Monument. Eccl. GriEC, III, 362). He also wrote a treati.se against the ApoUinarists, known only in brief fragments, and several homilies, two of which have reached us in their entirety. His memory is kept on 13 June.

The literary relics of Antipater are found in P. O., LXXX\'. 1763-96; see also: Vailhi:: in Diet, de thiol, cath., I. 1440; Acta SS., 13 June: Venablks in Diet, of Christ. Biogr., I, 122; Baruenhewer, Patrologie (2d ed. 1901), 469.

F. M. RUDGE.

Antipatris, a titular see of Palestine, whose episcopal list is known from 449 to 451 (Gams, 452). It was built by Herod the Great in honour of liis father Antipatris, and is mentioned in Acts, xxiii, 31. "Its ancient name and site", says Smith, "are still preserved by a Muslim village of considerable size, . . . about three hours north of Jaft'a".