Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 1.djvu/544

Rh ANOELO 484 AN6EL0 bust portraits of seventeen Dominican fathers below. Here is shown to the full the mastery of the painter in depicting in the faces of the monks the emotions evoked by the contemplation of heavenly mysteries. In the Uffizi Gallery are "The Coronation of t)ie Virgin", "The Virgin and Cliild -ith Saints", " Nam- ing of John the Baptist", "The Preaching of St. Peter", "The Martyrdom of St. Mark", and "The .Adoration of the Magi", while among the examples at the Florence .cademy are "The Last Judgment", "Paradise", "The Deposition from the Cross", "The Entombment", scenes from the lives of St. Cosmas and St. Damian, and various subjects from the life of Christ, .-^t Fiesole are a "Madonna and Saints" and a "Crucifixion". The predella in London is in five compartments and shows Christ with the Banner of the Resurrection surrounded by a choir of angels and a great tlirong of the blessed. There is also there an ".Adoration of the Magi". At Cortona ap- pear at the Convent of San Domenico the fresco "The Virgin and Child with four Evangelists" and the altar-piece "Virgin and Child with Saints", and at the baptistry an " Annunciation " with scenes from the life of the Virgin and a "Life of St. Dom- inic". In the Turin Gallery "Two Angels kneeling on Clouds", and at Rome, in the Corsini Palace, "The Ascension", "The Last Judgment", and "Pen- tecost". At the Louvre in Paris are "The Corona- tion of the Virgin", "The Crucifixion", and "The Martyrdom of St. Cosmas and St. Damian". Berlin has, at the Museum, a " Last Judgment", and Dublin, at the National Gallery, "The Martyrdom of St. Cos- mas and St. Damian". At Madrid is "The Annun- ciation", in Munich "Scenes from the Lives of St. Cosmas and St. Damian", and in St. Petersburg a "Madonna and Saints". Mrs. John L. Gardner has in the art gallery of her Boston residence an "As- sumption " and a " Dormition of the Virgin ". There are other works at Parma, Perugia, and Pisa. At San Marco, Florence, in addition to the works al- ready mentioned are "Madonna della Stella", "Cor- onation of the Virgin", "Adoration of the Magi", and "St. Peter Martyr". The Chapel of St. Nicho- las in the Vatican at Rome contains frescoes of the "Lives of St. Lawrence and St. Stephen", "The Four Evangelists", and "The Teachers of the Church". In the gallery of the Vatican are "St. Nicholas of Bari", and "Madonna and Angels". The work at Orvieto finished by Signorelli shows Christ in "a glory of angels with sixteen saints and prophets". Bryan, Dictionary of Painters and Enffravera; Edgecombe- Halfy, Fra Angetico. AuGu.STtJS Van Cleef. Angelo Carletti di Chivasso, Blessed, moral theologian of the order of Friars Minor; b. at Chivasso in Piedmont, in 1411; and d. at Coni, in Piedmont, in 1495. From his tenderest years the Blessed Angelo was remarkable for the holiness and purity of his life. He attended the University of Bologna, where he received the degree of Doctor of Civil ancl Canon Law. It w.as probably at the age of thirty that he entered the Order of Friars Minor. His virtues and learning soon gained the confidence of his brethren in religion, and he was four times chosen to fill the office of vicar-general of that branch of the order then known as the Cismontane Observance. In 1480 the Turks under Mahomet II took possession of Otranto, and threatened to overrun and lay waste the "bel naese". Blessed Angelo was appointed Apostolic Nuncio by Pope Sixtus IV, and commis- sioned to preach the holy war against the invaders. The death of Mahomet and the ultimate retirement of the Turkish forces from the Italian peninsula were evidences that God favoured his mission. Again, in 1491, he was appointed Apostolic Nuncio an(i Commissary by Innocent VIII, conjointly witl tlio Bishop of Mauriana, the purpose of their mission being to take active steps to prevent the spread of the heretical doctrines of the Waldenses. But it was perhaps by his writings that Blessed Angelo rendered the greatest service to religion. His works are given by Wadding in the latter's "Scriptores Ordinis Minorum". By far the most noted of these is the "Summa de Casibus Con- scientiae", called after him the "Summa . gelica". The first edition of the "Summa Angelica" appeared in the year 1476, and from that year to the year 1520 it went through thirty-one editions, twenty-five of which are preserved in the Royal Library at Munich. The "Summa" is divided into six hundred and fifty-nine articles arranged in alphabetical order and forming what would now be called a dictionary of moral theology. The most valuable and most important of these articles is the one entitled "Interrogationes in Confessione". It serves, in a way, as an index to the whole work. Judging the character of the work of Bl. Angelo as a theologian from this, his most important contribution to moral theology, one is impressed with the gravity and fairness that characterized his opinions throughout. Besides, the "Summa", being written "pro utilitate confessariorum et eorum qui cupiunt laudabiliter vivere", is a most valuable guide in matters of con- science and approaches closely, in the treatment of the various articles, to casuistic theology as this science is now understood, hence the title of the work, "Summa de Casibus ConscientiiE ". Bene- dict XIII approved the cult that had for long been paid to Bl. Angelo, especially by the people of Chivasso and Coni. The latter chose him as their special patron, while his feast is kept on 12 April throughout the order of Friars Minor. Leo, Lives of the Saints and Blessed of the three Orders of St. Fra-iicis (tr. Taunton, 188C); Scherer s. v. in Kirchenlei. See also Wadding. Annales Minorum, 1472. n. viii, 1478, n. viii, 1479, n. xiv, 1481, n. i-, 1484. n. .xliv, 1495, n. ii. Stephen M. Donovan. Angelo Clareno da CingoU, one of the leaders of the so-called Spiritual Franciscans, b. at Fossom- brone, about 1247; d. at Santa Maria d'Aspro, 15 June, 1337. He entered the order in 1262, or thereabouts. Believing that the rule of St. Francis was not being observed and interpreted according to the mind and spirit of the Seraphic Father, he re- tired to a hermitage with a few companions and formed a new branch of the order known as the "Clareni". By the Bull of Sixtus IV, " Dominus Noster Jesus Christus", the "Clareni" were united to the main body of the order and placed under the obedience of the Minister General. The influence of the prophetical writings of Joachim of Floris. a Calabrian abbot, on Angelo and his followers, and in fact on the "Spirituals" generally of the thir- teenth centurj-, cannot be overrated. They all looked forward to the time when the religious orders, whose laxity had been occasioned in great measure by the general looseness of the times, would be re- stored to their former discipline under a jmpa angel iciis and a new order of Friars. But the num- ber of Angelo's followers was small; and his so-called reform brought upon himself in particular, and the "Clareni" in general, the suspicious disfavour of tiie Friars Minor who were not prcjiaretl to follow the extreme inlcrprclation of the rule of St. Francis which. gfl(i liuil adopted. .Viigclo became in con- sequence little Ijctter than a homeless and persecuted wanderer, travelling tlirougli Greece. Armenia, and the different provinces of Italy until, in 1311, he came to .Vignon to answer the charge of heresy that had been l)rought against him. He was finally acquitted after a tedious and searching examination. In 1.337 he retired to the little hermitage of Santa Maria d'.Vspro, in the diocese of Marsico in Basilicata. wiiere