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 marten or a chattering squirrel. Lewis and Clark in their expedition followed the rivers and this and good fortune and judgment was all that saved the party from disaster, for hunters well equipped but unacquainted with the woods, have starved in these great forests.

The Indians tried no experiments and unless compelled wandered into no unknown country, and the old Indian trails on the Lower Columbia were few in number.There was a well known way for the Indians and Indian canoes from Chinook River to the Naselle and thence to Shoalwater Bay and another from Shoalwater Bay to Grays Harbor.There was an Indian trail from the waters of the Cowlitz River to Puget Sound and another around the Cascades of the Columbia; and in the Willamette Valley, owing to its more open character, horses were used 39