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XII.

The White Chiefs

HILE this confusion was at its height a new element came in, so wedded to the Indian life that it became part and parce of it, and lived and died with it.

When in 1670 the"Governor and Company of Adventurers of England trading into Hudson's Bay," commenced to trade as the Hudson's Bay Company with North America, they had no purpose of founding a dynasty, and yet that is what they did: the dynasty of the chiefs of the Indian people.

Good old Dr. John McLoughlin, at Vancouver, was in all essential things a chief of the Indian people. His authority on the Columbia West of the Cascades was absolute, a