Page:Castes and Tribes of Southern India.djvu/433

Rh worship of the Supreme Being as represented in the sacred books is gone through. The first hymn of the Rig Vēda is recited in detail, and then follow the first words of the Yajur Vēda, Sāma Vēda, Atharvana Vēda, the Nirukta, etc. The next item is the Tarpana ceremony, or offering of water to the Dēvatas, Rishis, and Pitris. The sacred thread is placed over the left shoulder and under the right arm (upavīta), and water is taken in the right hand, and poured as an offering to the Dēvatas. Then, with the sacred thread round the neck like a necklace (niviti), the worshipper pours water for the Rishis. Lastly, the sacred thread is placed over the right shoulder (prāchinā vīthi) and water is poured for the Pitris (ancestors). The various ceremonies described so far should be performed by all the male members of a family, whereas the daily Dēvatarchana or Dēvata pūja is generally done by any one member of a family. The gods worshipped by pious Brāhmans are Siva and Vishnu, and their consorts Parvati and Lakshmi. Homage is paid thereto through images, sālagrāma stones, or stone lingams. In the house of a Brāhman, a corner or special room is set apart for the worship of the god. Some families keep their gods in a small almirah (chest). Smarthas use in their domestic worship five stones,viz.: —


 * 1. Sālagrāma, representing Vishnu.


 * 2. Bāna linga, a white stone representing the essence of Siva.


 * 3. A red stone (jasper), representing Ganēsha.


 * 4. A bit of metallic ore, representing Farvathi, or a lingam
 * representing Siva and Parvathi.


 * 5. A piece of pebble or crystal, to represent the sun.

Smarthas commence their worship by invoking the aid of Vignēswara (Ganēsha). Then, placing a vessel