Page:Castes and Tribes of Southern India.djvu/140

ARAKALA The title of the Ārădhyas is always Ārādhya.  Arakala.—A small class of cultivators, recorded mainly from the Kurnool district. The name is possibly derived from araka, meaning a plough with bullocks, or from arakadu, a cultivator.  Arampukatti.—The name, denoting those who tie flower-buds or prepare garlands, of a sub-division of Vellālas.  Aranadan, See Ernādan.  Arane (lizard).—An exogamous sub-sept of Kǎppiliyan.  Arashina (turmeric).—A gōtra or exogamous sept of Agasa, Kurni, Kuruba, and Oddē. The equivalent Pasupula occurs as an exogamous sept of Dēvānga. In Southern India, turmeric (Curcuma) is commonly called saffron (Crocus). Turmeric enters largely into Hindu ceremonial. For example, the practice of smearing the face with it is very widespread among females, and,thinking that it will give their husbands increase of years,women freely bathe themselves with turmeric water. The use of water, in which turmeric has been infused,and by which they give the whole body a bright yellow colour, is prescribed to wives as a mark of the conjugal state, and forbidden to widows.* To ward off the evil eye, a vessel containing turmeric water and other things is waved in front of the bridal couple at weddings. Or they are bathed in turmeric water, which they pour over each other. The tali or bottu (gold marriage badge) is attached to a cotton thread dyed with turmeric, and, among some castes, the tying together of the hands of the bride and bridegroom with such a thread is the binding portion of the ceremony. 