Page:Castes and Tribes of Southern India, Volume 7.djvu/39

Rh which abstain from using the fruit or leaves of the thonda plant.  Thumma (bābūl : Acacia arabica). — An exogamous sept of Māla and Padma Sālē. The bark, pods, and leaves of the babul tree are used by tanners in the preparation of hides and skins, or as a dye.  Thūmu (iron measure for measuring grain). — An exogamous sept of Mutrācha.  Thupa (ghī, clarified butter). — An exogamous sept of Kuruba.  Thūrpu (eastern). — A sub-division of Yerukala and Yānādi.  Thūta (hole). — An exogamous sept of Dēvānga.  Tigala.— Tigala is summed up, in the Madras Census Report, 1901, as "a Canarese synonym for the Tamil Palli ; applied also by the Canarese people to any Tamil Sūdras of the lower castes." In parts of the Mysore country, the Tamil language is called Tigalu, and the Canarese Mādhva Brāhmans speak of Tamil Smarta Brāhmans as Tigalaru.

Some of the Tigalas, who have settled in Mysore, have forgotten their mother-tongue, and speak only Canarese, while others, e.g., those who live round about Bangalore, still speak Tamil. In their type of cranium they occupy a position intermediate between the dolichocephalic Pallis and the sub-brachy cephalic Canarese classes.

The difference in the type of cranium of the Tigalas and Tamil Pallis is clearly brought by the following tabular statements of their cephalic indices :—
 * a. Tigala —
 * 68 ♦
 * 69
 * 70
 * 71 ♦

