Page:Cassell's Illustrated History of England vol 1.djvu/642

628  *Pembroke. William, Earl of, 268–270
 * Richard de Clare, Earl of, surnamed Strongbow (1167-1171), 194–195
 * Percy, Henry, surnamed Hotspur (1402–1403), 494, 498–500
 * Peter the Hermit, a preacher of the First Crusade (1096-1100), 118–122
 * Peter's Pence, tax of, 29
 * Philip II., King of France (1180-1216), 202, 213, 219-221, 225, 236–239, 241, 242, 248, 250-252, 255
 * III., King of France, surnamed Le Bel (1290-1303), 315, 316, 326, 227
 * VI., King of France (1328–1348), 370–389
 * the Good, Duke of Burgundy (1418–1467), 550-552, 555, 557–568 168, 614, 016
 * Philippa, Queen of Edward III. (1327–1347), 362, 384, 386–387
 * Phillpot, John, an alderman of London, gained a victory over a Spanish fleet (1378), 410
 * Picts, or Caledonians, 2, 15, 16
 * Plague, ravages of, in the reign of Edward III., 388–389
 * ravages of, in the reign of Henry IV., 506
 * Poictiers, battle of (1356), 392–393
 * Pole, Michael de la. Chancellor of Richard II. (1385-1387), 422–425
 * Progress of the Nation.—Formation of the English people, 444–481
 * The constitution and the laws, 448
 * Power of the Church, 453
 * Literature, science, and art, 457
 * Architecture, 465
 * Sculpture and painting, 468, 470
 * Music, 470–471
 * Commerce, coinage, and shipping, 472–474
 * Manners and customs, &c., 472, 474–481
 * Pudsey, Hugh, Bishop of Durham, 213, 232


 * Ralph, surnamed De Flambard (1089), 110, 113
 * Rees ap Griffith, King of South Wales (1164), 188
 * Richard I., surnamed Cœur-de-Lion (1189–1199), 195, 197, 200-203, 205, 206, 210–243
 * II. (1377–1398), 404–444
 * Robert of Normandy, eldest son of William I. (1077–1135), 102-113, 116, 122, 124, 129–134, 148–156
 * II., King of Scotland, grandson of Robert Bruce (1371–1390), 394
 * II., King of Scotland (1390–1406), 489, 490, 492, 501
 * Robin Hood and the outlaws of Sherwood (1195), 238
 * Roger, Bishop of Sarum, Chancellor of Henry I. (1135-1139), 152, 166–167
 * Roman architecture, 17–23
 * Romans, narrative of their occupation of Britain, 5–18
 * Rothsay, David, eldest son of Robert III. of Scotland, 492, 494
 * Rosamond Clifford, her history, 206
 * Roses, origin of the Wars of the, 598
 * Rouen, siege of (1418–1419), 543–545, 548
 * Rutland, Earl of, slain by Lord Clifford (1460), 608


 * Saladin, Sultan, his wars with the Crusaders (1190–1192), 220–227
 * Salisbury, William Longsword, Earl of (1213), 254
 * Richard Nevil, Earl of (1453–1460), 599, 602–604, 608
 * Saxon Heptarchy, 27
 * architecture, 70-73
 * manners, customs, and laws of, 73–81
 * Chronicle, quoted, 106–107
 * and Norman civilisation, customs, progress of literature and art, &c., 134–148
 * Saxons, landing of in Britain (449), 23
 * Sawtre, William, the first English martyr burnt (1401), 514
 * Scotus, Duns, a moral philosopher, 461
 * Scotus, Johannes, preceptor of Alfred, 50
 * Scots, origin of, 18
 * Scotland, condition of (in 1338), 368–369
 * Shrewsbury, battle of (1403), 500
 * Shrewsbury, Sir John Talbot, Earl of (1452–1453), 592, 593
 * Sigismund, King of the Romans (1416), 537, 538
 * Silures, the; Caractacus their leader (43–50), 9, 10
 * Siward, Duke of Northumberland (1050–1055), 63–64.
 * Society, review of, in the middle ages, 265–267
 * Sluys, battle of (1340), 374
 * Somerset, Edmund de Beaufort, Earl of (1439–1454), 586, 587, 591–596, 598-602
 * Henry de Beaufort, Duke of (1454–1464), 603–605, 607, 608, 610, 614
 * Standard, battle of the (Northallerton), (1138), 166
 * Stephen, grandson of William I. (1135–1154), 161–176
 * Stigand, Primate of England (1066), 89, 95, 96
 * Stirling, battle of (1297), 322
 * Stonehenge, ancient Druidical temple, 4
 * Suetonius, Paulinus, the Roman governor (59–61), 11–14
 * Suffolk, Michael de la Pole, Earl of, favourite of Richard II., 419, 422–425
 * William de la Pole, first Duke of (1428-1450), 574, 578, 579, 588–596
 * Surrey, John Plantagenet, Earl of (Earl Warrenne), (1264–1290),290, 292, 315, 318, 320
 * Sweyn, son of Earl Godwin (1032), 59, 63
 * King of Denmark (991–1012), 51–54
 * Sybilla, wife of Robert of Normandy (1100), 149


 * Talbot, Sir John, Earl of Shrewsbury (1452–1453), 592, 593
 * Tancred, grandson of the great Ruggiero, King of Sicily (1189–1190), 128–130, 214–215
 * Templars, Knights, account of, 132
 * Tenchebray, battle of (1105), 155–156
 * Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury (1143–1161), 172–173, 183–184
 * Tin and lead brought from the Cassiterides, 2
 * Torture practised by the Normans in the reign of Stephen, 171
 * of the Jew of Bristol by King John (1211), 251
 * Tortures practised by the soldiers of King John (1215), 261
 * Tostig, brother of Harold II. (1043–1066), 64, 67–68, 83
 * Toumelles, assault of the, by Joan of Arc (1429), 578
 * Towton, battle of (1461), 611
 * Tracy, William, one of the murderers of Becket (1170), 189
 * Trade. See Commerce.
 * Tudela, Benjamin de, account of Constantinople (in 1159 or 1160), 125–127
 * Tudor, Owen, husband of Queen Catherine, widow of Henry V. (1437–1461), 586, 609
 * Tyler, Wat or Walter, the (1381), 412–417
 * Tyrrell, Sir Walter, shot William Rufus (1100), 134


 * Urban II., Pope (1095–1098), 118–119
 * Ursini, Cardinal, and Legate of the Pope (1418), 545


 * Vespasian, a Roman general (43), 9, 14–15
 * Vortigern, the British king (447–449), 23


 * Walcher, Bishop of Diu-ham (1080), 101
 * Wallace, William, the Scottish hero (1297–1305), 320–323, 328–329
 * Walter, "the Penniless," a preacher of the First Crusade, 119
 * Walthuf, Earl of Huntingdon (1074), 100
 * Warrenne, Earl, See Surrey.
 * Warwick, Richard Nevil, the great Earl (1453–1470), 599–624
 * Wessex, Saxon kings of, 26
 * William I., the Conqueror (1066–1087), 65, 81–107
 * II., Rufus (1087–1100), 107–116, 132–134
 * of Normandy, son of Duke Robert (1110–1128), 157–161
 * Prince, son of Henry I., lost in the Blanche Nef (1120), 160
 * II., surnamed the Good, King of Sicily (1180–1189), 214–216
 * I., King of Scotland, surnamed the Lion (1165–1214), 309–310
 * Witenagemot, or Saxon Council of State, 76
 * Wycliffe, John, the Reformer, (1324–1384), 404, 411, 420, 586, 590, 594–608


 * York, Richard Plantagenet, Duke of (1436–1461), 697–605