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268 NEW YORK: Population, 4,563,604 (4) . The Medical Department of Columbia University. Organized in 1807; affiliated with Columbia College 1860; an organic part of Columbia University since 1891.

Entrance requirement: The Regents' Medical Student Certificate, which must include physics and chemistry. Of the present first-year class of 86, 48 have the bachelor's degree, 11 more have had at least two years of college work: the department is therefore already close to the two-year college basis, which goes into effect 1910-11.

Attendance: 312, 56 per cent from New York state.

Teaching staff: 176, of whom 38 are professors, 138 of other grade.

Resources available for maintenance: The department has special endowments amounting to $832,351. Fees amount to $75,500. The budget calls for $239,072, including maintenance of Sloane Maternity Hospital and the Vanderbilt Clinic.

Laboratory facilities: The school laboratories are of modern equipment and organization, conducted by full-time instructors, amply assisted. Teaching and research are thus actively prosecuted in all departments. Anatomy deserves to be especially mentioned, as perhaps the most elaborate plant of its kind in the country. The school lacks a general library, though books and periodicals are available in several departments and in the students' study.

Clinical facilities: The school is admirably situated in respect to the Sloane Maternity Hospital (to which gynecology is now to be added) and the Vanderbilt Clinic (dispensary), which adjoin it and are under its control. Both philanthropically and pedagogically, they are effectively conducted on modern lines.

In other respects, the clinical department labors under the disadvantages common to the schools of New York. The situation will be more fully discussed below; suffice it here to say that various hospitals furnish an abundance of clinical material of all kinds under limitations that interfere with effective scientific or pedagogic use, and make exceedingly difficult anything like intimate interplay between laboratory and clinical teaching. Nowhere has the school rights; at Bellevue (municipal hospital), custom establishes a qualified security, liable, however, to be disregarded; elsewhere the basis is purely personal. Permission has recently been obtained to institute clinical clerking in a few places.

Date of visit: October, 1909.

(5) . Organized 1898. An organic department of Cornell University.

Entrance requirement: Three years of college work.