Page:Cambridge Modern History Volume 7.djvu/17

 Contents. xiii PAGE Washington made commander-in-chief 167 Battle of Bunker Hill 168 Rising 1 in Virginia 169 Invasion of Canada 170 Failure of the invasion 171 Evacuation of Boston 172 Extension of the field of war. . . . . . . 173 Declaration of Independence. . . * ' . . . 174 CHAPTER VI. THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. (17611776.) By MELVILLE M. BIGELOW, Professor in the Law School, Boston University. The theory of legal right 175 Legal right. Theory of equality 176 Paxton's case. Writs of assistance 177 Defence of the writs 178 Objection to the writs 179 Grant of the writs ......... 180 Interference with "assemblies" 181 External trade 182 The American theory ......... 183 Courts of Admiralty 184 Extension of Admiralty jurisdiction 185 Extension defended. The Stamp Act 186 Treason and jury trial. . . . . . . . . 187 Universal authority of Parliament denied 188 Laws of nature. Calvin's case 189 Foundation of civil and political rights 190 Rights of legislation ......... 191 Supreme authority, where lodged 192 Virtual representation 193 Virtual representation explained 194 The colonies as corporations. Representation .... 195 Loyalist view of the charters 196 Whig view. The Virginia charters 197 New England charters 198 New England charters. Pennsylvania charter. . . . 199 The King as representative of Great Britain .... 200 The King as source of authority 201 Summary of the Whig doctrine. Taxation 202 Support in return for protection 203 Regulation of trade 204 Excise. The Post-Office. 205 Summary of the American case ....... 206 Appeal to arms 207 Declaration of Independence. 208 c. M. H. vu. b