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Index united to Bene; vento, 150, 152 ; vassal to Otto 1, 166 sq. separated from Benevento, 169; Otto III • and, 176 ; sraarated from Salerno, 169 spleen by Henry II, 2^; reunited to Salerno, 268; Conrad II and, 265, 268; Henry HI and, 292 ; see of, 167 ; princes of, Ademar, Atenolf, Guaimar, Laidulf, Landolf, Paldolf

Capua, independent, 48

Cardigan, tribal unit, 341 Cardona, charter of, 441 Caresana, granted to canons of Vercelli, 175

Carham, 388







Norwegians mains at, 553 Carloman, King, son Carlisle,

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the Great), erects a

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brazen eagle at Aix, 207 his tdmb entered by Otto III, 213 sq. ‘Abd-ar-Eahman I and, 413 the Vikings and, 310, 312, 315 letter from Cathvulf to, 504; Theodoric’s statue and, 522 revival of learning under; 514 sqq. art under, 556 sq., 559 Life of, by Einhard, 517 sq., 534 epic upon, by Angilbert, 519 Gesta of, by Notker, 530 sq.. 534; Libri Carolini against images. mentioned, 533; 22; 50; 254; 344; 421; 443 Charles the Bald, Emperor, 13 16 sq. at Pnim, 18 sq. inheritance of, 21 dealings with Lothar I, 22, 23 sqq., 30 sqq.. 444 ; oath of Strasbourg, 25 sq. share by Treaty of Verdun, 27 sq. Lothar II and, 35 sq., 39-44; Louis the German and, 36 sqq., 42, 45, 50 sq., 534 in Provence, King of Lorraine, 44 sqq. Em40, 46 peror, 51-53, 454, 531 the Northmen and, 30 sqq., 35 sq., 40, 52 sqq.; the Bretons and, 30-33, 35, 40; the Church and, 455 sqq., 451 sq.; learning and, 524; death of, 53, 321 character of, 54 ; descendants of, 63, 73 note Charles the Fat, Emperor, 46 531 50 receives Alemannia, 51 meets Louis III and Carloman, 57 King of Italy, 57 becomes Emperor, 58, 454 ruler of all Francia, 58; the Northmen and, 59 sqq., 321 sqq. deposed, 62, 71 Charles IV, Emperor, and Burgundy, 147 Golden Bull of, 464 Charles (the Young) made King of Aquitaine ' 34 sqq. Charles the Simple, King of France, 57 fg.; and Eeginar, 68; reign of, 71 sqq.; marriage of, 366; the Vikings and, 73, 321 sq.; gains Lorraine, 74. ISO; imprisoned, 75; 181 death of, 79 descendants of, 77 note; 82 Charles, Kingof Provence, 34, 38sqq. death of (863), 41, 57, 137 Charles, Dftke of Lower Lorraine, 77 note; 81; 83 sq., 207; secures Laon and Eheims, 99fq.; plots agS^st Otto III, 81, 210;* cml war with Hugh Capet, 241; death • of, 100, 102 Charles,, son of Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine, 77 note, 104 • / Charles Constantine, Ciunt ot^Genne, 13^ Charles Martel, 28, 340, 409 ' Charmouth, Vikings at, 347 •















of Louis the German, 50 ; receives Bavaria and East Mark, 51 attacks Lombardy, 53 ; retreats, 55 ; death

58; 62 Carloman, Kingof France, 56, 321 crowned, 57 death of, 58; 59 sq.; 77 note Carloman, son of Charles the Bald, 46 Carlsruhe, MSS. from Eeichenau at, 505 sq., 521 Carmona, 418



Carniola, 7 Carolingian minuscule, 517 Carthage, 8; baptistery at, 547 Casimir, Duke of Poland, exUed, 276, 300; Henry III and, 280; 290; 295; 301 sqq.; given Silesia, 297 sq.,302; regains Poland,

with Bohemia, 302 sq. Caspian Sea, and the Eus, 327 Cassian, 493 Cassiodorus, 485 sqq., 510, 528, 530 Castile, opposed to Leon, 422; invaded by Sancho, 423 by Almanzor, 425 sq. conquers Leon, 428; Arab influence in, kings and counts 438 society in, 441 of, see Ferdinand, Feman, Garcia, Sancho Castrojeriz, 440 Catalonia (Gothalania) and Barcelona, 89 sq.; and Languedoc, 130; 424; Almanzor in, 425; independence of, 422, 438; towns in, 441; sec Barcelona Cathvulf, letter to Charlemagne from, 504 Catullus, 523 Caux, district of, 109 Ceadrag, Prince of the Ohotrites, 7 Centullus, Duke of the Gascons, 8 Ceolfrid, 510 note, 554, 5-56 Ceolnoth, Archbishop of Canterbury, 350 Ceolwulf I, King of Mercia, 343 sq. Ceolwulf II, King of Mercia, 353 sq., 356 Cerdana (Cerdagne), 90; count qf, 413 » Ceredigion. See Cardigan • strife





Cervia, bishop of. See John Geuta, 409, 421, 425 sqq. Chalons-sur-Marne, 24, 36, 50 ; bishop of, 97 Chalon-sur-Saone, 11, 21, 26, 97; independence of, 124 count of, see Gilbert Cham, pass of, 277 Champagne, 97, 111; succession in, 117; united to Blois, 123 invaded by Conrad II, 144; counts of, see Odo, Stephen; see



Carinthia, 7 assigned to Louis the German, 10; duchy of, 58; ravaged by Hungarians, 69, 298, 304; separated from Bavaria, 206 reunited, 209 again separated, 212 dukes of, see Adalbero, Amulf, Berthold, Conrad, Henry, Otto, Welf Carinthian Mark (Styria), separated from the Duchy, 270 note 1 margraves of, see Adalbero, Arnold

302;

661



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