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interfered with military art it was put down. In California the central idea embodying the right in social ethics is what comes under the name of leoitimate money-making. Here the great good is not patriotism, art, or literature, but the accumulation of wealth; not, however, by such processes as shall injure or make your neighbor poorer, but by originating, creating, or producing, making additions to the general fund, but which you may hold as your oAvn. Here, gambling interfered with that labor which was to eviscerate the Sierra drainage, and develop the resources of the lowlands, as in Rome it interfered with the making of good soldiers; and so, later, California passed laws that drove it under cover, but its spirit still stalks abroad, and enters into almost every avocation. One sees it in the speculations of laboring men, in the ventures of merchants outside of their regular business, in the gift enterprise shops, in the church-fair raffle and grab-bag. As I have before stated, buying shares in the stock market in the hope of a rise not based on development is as pure gambling as putting money on a monte card, and its evil effects are seen by the hundreds of working men practically ruined thereby. Of the two evils, the open and public gaming-table and stock-gambling, I hold the latter to be more deleterious to society, for it is but the old wicked principle galvanized, and made respectable by law. A lottery, legalized by the legislature for the benefit of the Mercantile library of San Francisco, caused for a short time an almost entire suspension of business for a hundred miles around

During the pastoral days of California, men were free, and might gamble if they chose. It came rather hard on them, therefore, when the straightlaced Yankee alcalde of Monterey placed a veto on the pastime. Says the reverend jurist on the subject/ writing the 18th of October, 1846: "I issued, a few days since, an ordinance against gambling—a vice