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to capture them were granted their Hves, yet two of these were rinofleaders, and the worst characters in the band. The remnant of the Modocs, one hmidred and fifty-five, including forty-two males, were moved to Indian territory, under the chieftainship of Scarfaced Charley, their most cultured representative. School and agricultural training has made them gentle and nearly self-sustainino-. Old Sconchin remains with his peaceable followers on the Oregon reservation.

Whatever the opinion concerning Modoc character and claims, a certain admiration must be accorded to the stubborn determination of the band, and its success in so long resisting with a mere handful of warriors the overwhelming military forces, supported by a w^ide-sprcad community bitterly hostile to Indians. The country was favorable to guerilla warfare, however. The Modocs were acquainted with every foot of the ground, and used to a flitting forest life, while the troops were hampered not alone by inexperience in this respect, but by rigid regulations unduly enforced by officers with deficient training for such service. The former had, moreover, secret allies among the apparently neutral tribes of the region, which were only too glad to aim an indirect blow at the white invaders. Nor were traders lacking, or even officials, who found it to their interest to prolong the campaign. Once started on the war-path, the Indians were prompted both by fear of vengeance and by the hope for some happy turn of affairs to persevere.

Eastern people, safe in their seclusion, could not understand the danger and suffering of pioneers with wives and children and scanty means, exposed to the mercy of exasperated natives. They felt inclined rather to sympathize with a brave minority apparently fiohtincr for hearth and home, for existence, atrainst ruthless frontiermen and soldiers, intent alone on usurpation and glory. Their representations before an administration equally unconscious of the real state