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 Sonora see Charles Howard Shinn, Mining Camps, a Study in American Frontier Gov- ernment (New York, 1885), pp. 127, 213-17.

26. There is a full account of this incident in Friedrich Gerstacker, Scenes of Life in California, translated from the French by George Cosgrave (San Francisco: John Howell [1942]), pp. 133-38.

27. Douglas Flat lies in a little valley between Vallecito and Murphy's, on one of the branches of the Stanislaus River.

28. "Tradition, also ascribes the first finding of gold here (at Vallecito) to Stonten- berg, who was one of his (Murphy's) company, and for a time it was proposed to call the new place by the latter name." San Andreas Independent, May i, 1858. Friedrich Gerstacker, op. cit., p. 145, spells the name "Stoutenburgh" and indicates that it was the name originally given to Murphy's.

29. In the California Historical Society's collection is a broadside, "Preamble and Resolutions Read and Adopted at the Mass Meeting, Held in the Town of Sonora, on Sunday, July 21, 1850."

30. Carson's Hill and Carson's Creek were named for James H, Carson. The former is five miles southwest of Angel's Camp. A rich strike was made there in the Morgan mine about the time of Bachman's visit in 1850. Buckbee, op. cit., p. 2; Titus Fay Cronise, The Natural Wealth of California. . . (San Francisco, 1868), p. 264.

3 1 . David N. Foreman, for whom the Foreman mining district was named, was first known in Calaveras County as a member of the Slab Ranch colony mining near Angel's Camp. Foreman operated a toll bridge at the fourth crossing of the Calaveras River in conjunction with his hotel, store, stage depot and general repair shop. The property was known as Foreman's Upper Ranch. Heckendorn & Wilson, Miners & Business Men's Directory For the Year. . . 18 $6 Embracing a General Directory of the Citizens of Tuolumne and Portions of Calaveras. . . (Columbia, 1856), p. 99; Buckbee op. cit., p. 7; Albert Alexander Lascy, "Sketches of Early History of Calaveras County" (MS in Bancroft Library, Berkeley). Samuel Foreman and A. C. Beritzhoff sold the bridge and hotel to William Reddick and John Hill on November 2, 1858. "Deeds, Book D" (Cala- veras County Court House, San Andreas), p. 252. During Reddick's ownership the place was known as Reddick's, and later it was given its present name of Fourth Crossing. Professor George R. Stewart, on the testimony of Bill Gillis, gives Fourth Crossing as the most likely locality for Bret Harte's mining activities. H. E. & E. G. Rensch and Mildred Brooke Hoover, Historic Spots in California, Valley and Sierra Counties (Stan- ford University Press [1933]), p. 46.

32. These bridges are off the highway between Vallecito and Columbia.

33. McKinney's secret diggings, or McKinney's Humbug, was discovered in the fall of 1850. Heckendorn & Wilson, op. cit., p. 96. "McKinney's Humbug . . . An easy half day's walk brought us to Cave City on the north side of O'Neill's Creek, in a gulch euphoniously called McKinney's Humbug, on line of the Table Mountain Ditch, and in the heart of what was once, perhaps the most wealthy mining district in Central Calaveras." San Andreas Independent. August 21, 1858. A footnote in the diary locates Bachman's diggings about four and a half miles from McKinney's.

34. The Rassette House was erected in 1850 on the southwest corner of Bush and Sansome Streets. It burned in 1853 or 1854 ^"^ ^^^ Metropolitan Hotel was constructed on the site, which in turn was replaced by a new Metropolitan Hotel in 1863. San Fran- cisco Daily Aha California, July 17, 1863.

35. Double Springs, the first county seat of Calaveras County, was at the head of a gulch at the forks of the main trail from Stockton to the southern mines, one fork run- ning easterly to Mokelumne Hill, the other southerly, to San Andreas. Lascy, op. cit.